वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-57

चम्पकांस्तिलकांश्चूतानशोकान् सिन्दुवारकान् ।
करवीरांश्च तिमिशान्भञ्जन्ति स्म प्लवंगमाः ॥५७॥

57. campakāṃstilakāṃścūtānaśokān sinduvārakān ,
karavīrāṃśca timiśānbhañjanti sma plavaṃgamāḥ.

57. campakān tilakān cūtān aśokān sinduvārakān
karavīrān ca timiśān bhañjanti sma plavaṅgamāḥ

57. plavaṅgamāḥ campakān tilakān cūtān aśokān
sinduvārakān karavīrān ca timiśān bhañjanti sma

57. The monkeys were breaking campaka, tilaka, mango, ashoka, sinduvara, karavira, and timisha trees.

Words meanings summery:

• चम्पकान् (campakān) - Campaka trees

• तिलकान् (tilakān) - Tilaka trees

• चूतान् (cūtān) - mango trees

• अशोकान् (aśokān) - Ashoka trees

• सिन्दुवारकान् (sinduvārakān) - Sinduvara trees

• करवीरान् (karavīrān) - Karavira trees

• च (ca) - and, also

• तिमिशान् (timiśān) - Timisha trees

• भञ्जन्ति (bhañjanti) - they break, they shatter

• स्म (sma) - (past tense indicator)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys, leapers

Words meanings and morphology

चम्पकान् (campakān) - Campaka trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of campaka

campaka - Campaka tree (Magnolia champaca)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

तिलकान् (tilakān) - Tilaka trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tilaka

tilaka - Tilaka tree (clitoria ternatea, also a mark on the forehead)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

चूतान् (cūtān) - mango trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cūta

cūta - mango tree (Mangifera indica)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

अशोकान् (aśokān) - Ashoka trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśoka

aśoka - Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca), lit. 'one without sorrow'

from a- (privative) + śoka (sorrow)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+śoka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  from √śuc (to sorrow)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

सिन्दुवारकान् (sinduvārakān) - Sinduvara trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sinduvāraka

sinduvāraka - Sinduvara tree (Vitex negundo)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

करवीरान् (karavīrān) - Karavira trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of karavīra

karavīra - Karavira tree (Nerium indicum, oleander)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sinduvārakān' and 'karavīrān'.

तिमिशान् (timiśān) - Timisha trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of timiśa

timiśa - Timisha tree (Dalbergia ogeinensis or Pongamia pinnata)

Note: Object of 'bhañjanti sma'.

भञ्जन्ति (bhañjanti) - they break, they shatter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhañj

Present Tense

3rd person plural, active voice

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past habitual action.

स्म (sma) - (past tense indicator)

(indeclinable)

Note: Transforms present tense verb into past imperfect or habitual past.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys, leapers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - a monkey, a leaper

from plava (leaping) + gama (going, from √gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – a leap, a jump, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  nominalization
  from √plu (to float, swim, leap)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, one who goes
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhañjanti sma'.