वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-23

हृष्टाः प्रमुदिताः सर्वे सुग्रीवेणाभिपालिताः ।
आप्लवन्तः प्लवन्तश्च गर्जन्तश्च प्लवंगमाः ।
क्ष्वेलन्तो निनदन्तश्च जग्मुर्वै दक्षिणां दिशम् ॥२३॥

23. hṛṣṭāḥ pramuditāḥ sarve sugrīveṇābhipālitāḥ ,
āplavantaḥ plavantaśca garjantaśca plavaṃgamāḥ ,
kṣvelanto ninadantaśca jagmurvai dakṣiṇāṃ diśam.

23. hṛṣṭāḥ pramuditāḥ sarve sugrīveṇa
abhipālitāḥ āplavantaḥ plavantaḥ ca
garjantaḥ ca plavaṃgamāḥ kṣvelantaḥ
ninadantaḥ ca jagmuḥ vai dakṣiṇām diśam

23. sugrīveṇa abhipālitāḥ sarve hṛṣṭāḥ
pramuditāḥ plavaṃgamāḥ āplavantaḥ
plavantaḥ ca garjantaḥ ca kṣvelantaḥ
ninadantaḥ ca dakṣiṇām diśam vai jagmuḥ

23. All the monkeys, joyful and exceedingly delighted, protected by Sugriva, went south. They were leaping, springing, roaring, and clamoring loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, joyful, thrilled

• प्रमुदिताः (pramuditāḥ) - exceedingly delighted, greatly pleased

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugriva, the monkey king (by Sugriva)

• अभिपालिताः (abhipālitāḥ) - protected, guarded, led

• आप्लवन्तः (āplavantaḥ) - leaping, jumping up

• प्लवन्तः (plavantaḥ) - springing, bounding, floating

• च (ca) - and, also

• गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - roaring, shouting, thundering

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्लवंगमाः (plavaṁgamāḥ) - monkeys, apes

• क्ष्वेलन्तः (kṣvelantaḥ) - shouting, roaring, making noise

• निनदन्तः (ninadantaḥ) - making loud sounds, clamoring, echoing

• च (ca) - and, also

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

Words meanings and morphology

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, joyful, thrilled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled

past passive participle

Derived from root 'hṛṣ' (to be glad) + kta pratyaya.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

प्रमुदिताः (pramuditāḥ) - exceedingly delighted, greatly pleased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pramudita

pramudita - exceedingly delighted, greatly pleased

past passive participle

Derived from prefix 'pra' + root 'mud' (to rejoice) + kta pratyaya.

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

सुग्रीवेण (sugrīveṇa) - by Sugriva, the monkey king (by Sugriva)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Note: Agent of 'abhipālitāḥ'.

अभिपालिताः (abhipālitāḥ) - protected, guarded, led

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhipālita

abhipālita - protected, guarded, supervised

past passive participle

Derived from prefix 'abhi' + root 'pāl' (to protect) + kta pratyaya.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

आप्लवन्तः (āplavantaḥ) - leaping, jumping up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āplavat

āplavat - leaping up, jumping

present active participle

Derived from prefix 'ā' + root 'plu' (to float, to jump) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

प्लवन्तः (plavantaḥ) - springing, bounding, floating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavat

plavat - springing, bounding, swimming, floating

present active participle

Derived from root 'plu' (to float, to jump) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'āplavantaḥ' and 'plavantaḥ'.

गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - roaring, shouting, thundering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of garjat

garjat - roaring, shouting

present active participle

Derived from root 'garj' (to roar) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'plavantaḥ' and 'garjantaḥ'.

प्लवंगमाः (plavaṁgamāḥ) - monkeys, apes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṃgama

plavaṁgama - monkey, ape

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – jumping, leaping; a boat
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'plu' (to jump/float).
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving; one who goes
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

क्ष्वेलन्तः (kṣvelantaḥ) - shouting, roaring, making noise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣvelat

kṣvelat - shouting, making noise, roaring

present active participle

Derived from root 'kṣvel' (to roar, play) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Root: kṣvel (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

निनदन्तः (ninadantaḥ) - making loud sounds, clamoring, echoing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ninadat

ninadat - making loud sounds, clamoring

present active participle

Derived from prefix 'ni' + root 'nad' (to sound, roar) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kṣvelantaḥ' and 'ninadantaḥ'.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

perfect active

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful

Note: Qualifies 'diśam'.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Object of motion.