वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-12

गजश्च गिरिसंकाशो गवयश्च महाबलः ।
गवाक्षश्चाग्रतो यान्तु गवां दृप्ता इवर्षभाः ॥१२॥

12. gajaśca girisaṃkāśo gavayaśca mahābalaḥ ,
gavākṣaścāgrato yāntu gavāṃ dṛptā ivarṣabhāḥ.

12. gajaḥ ca girisaṃkāśaḥ gavayaḥ ca mahābalaḥ
gavākṣaḥ ca agrataḥ yāntu gavām dṛptāḥ iva ṛṣabhāḥ

12. girisaṃkāśaḥ gajaḥ ca mahābalaḥ gavayaḥ ca
gavākṣaḥ ca gavām dṛptāḥ ṛṣabhāḥ iva agrataḥ yāntu

12. Let Gaja, who is like a mountain, and Gavaya, the mighty one, and Gavākṣa, all go forth at the front, like proud bulls among cattle.

Words meanings summery:

• गजः (gajaḥ) - Gaja (name of a monkey chief) (an elephant)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गिरिसंकाशः (girisaṁkāśaḥ) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

• गवयः (gavayaḥ) - Gavaya (name of a monkey chief) (a gaur (wild ox))

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength, very powerful

• गवाक्षः (gavākṣaḥ) - Gavākṣa (name of a monkey chief) (an ox-eyed person)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, at the head, before

• यान्तु (yāntu) - let them go, let them proceed

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle, of bulls

• दृप्ताः (dṛptāḥ) - proud, arrogant, fierce, enraged

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• ऋषभाः (ṛṣabhāḥ) - bulls, chiefs, excellent ones

Words meanings and morphology

गजः (gajaḥ) - Gaja (name of a monkey chief) (an elephant)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - an elephant; a proper name

Root: gañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गिरिसंकाशः (girisaṁkāśaḥ) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of girisaṃkāśa

girisaṁkāśa - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (giri+saṃkāśa)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṛ (class 1)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, similar, appearance
  adjective
  From sam + root kāś (to appear)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gajaḥ'.

गवयः (gavayaḥ) - Gavaya (name of a monkey chief) (a gaur (wild ox))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavaya

gavaya - gaur (Bos gaurus), a species of wild ox; a proper name

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength, very powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'gavayaḥ'.

गवाक्षः (gavākṣaḥ) - Gavākṣa (name of a monkey chief) (an ox-eyed person)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavākṣa

gavākṣa - ox-eyed; a proper name (of a monkey chief)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (go+akṣa)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (masculine)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aś (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, at the head, before

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix tas added to agra

यान्तु (yāntu) - let them go, let them proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

imperative

3rd person plural imperative active

Root: yā (class 2)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle, of bulls

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here 'go' refers to cattle generally, specifically implies a herd of bulls given the comparison.

दृप्ताः (dṛptāḥ) - proud, arrogant, fierce, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dṛpta

dṛpta - proud, arrogant, fierce, inflamed

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛp + kta suffix

Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'ṛṣabhāḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

ऋषभाः (ṛṣabhāḥ) - bulls, chiefs, excellent ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - a bull, a chief, an excellent one

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)