वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-25

अन्योन्यं सहसा दृष्टा निर्वहन्ति क्षिपन्ति च ।
पतन्तश्चोत्पतन्त्यन्ये पातयन्त्यपरे परान् ॥२५॥

25. anyonyaṃ sahasā dṛṣṭā nirvahanti kṣipanti ca ,
patantaścotpatantyanye pātayantyapare parān.

25. anyonyam sahasā dṛṣṭā nirvahanti kṣipanti ca
patantaḥ ca utpatanti anye pātayanti apare parān

25. sahasā anyonyam dṛṣṭāḥ (te) nirvahanti ca kṣipanti
patantaḥ ca anye utpatanti apare parān pātayanti

25. Suddenly, when they saw each other, they would drag and throw one another. Some fell, others leaped up, and still others knocked their comrades down.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, quickly

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - when they saw, after seeing (seen, having seen)

• निर्वहन्ति (nirvahanti) - they carry away, they drag, they bring out

• क्षिपन्ति (kṣipanti) - they throw, they cast, they hurl

• च (ca) - and, also

• पतन्तः (patantaḥ) - falling, dropping

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्पतन्ति (utpatanti) - they fly up, they leap up

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• पातयन्ति (pātayanti) - they make fall, they throw down

• अपरे (apare) - still others, other ones

• परान् (parān) - others, enemies

Words meanings and morphology

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual

Note: Acts adverbially, referring to mutual action.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, quickly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'sahas' used adverbially.

Note: Modifies the actions of seeing, pulling and throwing.

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - when they saw, after seeing (seen, having seen)

(adjective)

of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed; (as noun) sight

past passive participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) + kta pratyaya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Though formally a past passive participle (feminine singular), it functions here in an active sense, implying "having seen" or "when they saw," referring to the masculine plural monkeys.

निर्वहन्ति (nirvahanti) - they carry away, they drag, they bring out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nirvah

present indicative

Prefix: nir

Root: vah (class 1)

क्षिपन्ति (kṣipanti) - they throw, they cast, they hurl

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṣip

present indicative

Root: kṣip (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'nirvahanti' and 'kṣipanti'.

पतन्तः (patantaḥ) - falling, dropping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, descending

present active participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'some monkeys'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'patantaḥ' with the next clause.

उत्पतन्ति (utpatanti) - they fly up, they leap up

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of utpat

present indicative

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'anye'.

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of 'utpatanti'.

पातयन्ति (pātayanti) - they make fall, they throw down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pātay

present causative

Causative form of root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'apare'.

अपरे (apare) - still others, other ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, subsequent, inferior

Note: Subject of 'pātayanti'.

परान् (parān) - others, enemies

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, superior, remote, enemy

Note: Object of 'pātayanti'.