वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-21

शतैः शतसहस्रैश्च कोटीभिरयुतैरपि ।
वारणाभिश्च हरिभिर्ययौ परिवृतस्तदा ॥२१॥

21. śataiḥ śatasahasraiśca koṭībhirayutairapi ,
vāraṇābhiśca haribhiryayau parivṛtastadā.

21. śataiḥ śatasahasraiḥ ca koṭībhiḥ ayutaiḥ api
vāraṇābhiḥ ca haribhiḥ yayau parivṛtaḥ tadā

21. tadā saḥ śataiḥ śatasahasraiḥ koṭībhiḥ ayutaiḥ
api vāraṇābhiḥ ca haribhiḥ parivṛtaḥ yayau

21. Then, surrounded by hundreds, hundreds of thousands, ten millions, and even ten thousands of elephants and monkeys, he proceeded.

Words meanings summery:

• शतैः (śataiḥ) - by hundreds

• शतसहस्रैः (śatasahasraiḥ) - by hundreds of thousands

• च (ca) - and

• कोटीभिः (koṭībhiḥ) - by ten millions, by crores

• अयुतैः (ayutaiḥ) - by ten thousands

• अपि (api) - also, even

• वारणाभिः (vāraṇābhiḥ) - by elephants

• च (ca) - and

• हरिभिः (haribhiḥ) - by monkeys (by monkeys, by tawny-colored ones)

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

शतैः (śataiḥ) - by hundreds

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Used adverbially to indicate 'by means of' or 'in quantities of'.

शतसहस्रैः (śatasahasraiḥ) - by hundreds of thousands

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śatasahasra

śatasahasra - hundred thousand, lakh

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śata+sahasra)

• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śataiḥ' and 'śatasahasraiḥ'.

कोटीभिः (koṭībhiḥ) - by ten millions, by crores

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of koṭi

koṭi - ten million, crore, extremity

अयुतैः (ayutaiḥ) - by ten thousands

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of ayuta

ayuta - ten thousand (number)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

वारणाभिः (vāraṇābhiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

The form 'vāraṇābhiḥ' is unusual for masculine 'vāraṇa' (which would typically be 'vāraṇaiḥ'), possibly a poetic or regional variant, or an archaic form. It morphologically aligns with feminine instrumental plural endings.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: While the base 'vāraṇa' is masculine (referring to an elephant), the form 'vāraṇābhiḥ' uses a feminine instrumental plural ending. This is an attested (though less common) usage for 'elephants' in epic Sanskrit, often interpreted as referring to troops or collectivities of elephants.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vāraṇābhiḥ' and 'haribhiḥ'.

हरिभिः (haribhiḥ) - by monkeys (by monkeys, by tawny-colored ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, tawny-colored, lion, Vishnu

ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of yā

Perfect tense

Formed with reduplication; 3rd singular active

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: The subject (Rama) is implied.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

vṛ - to cover, encompass, choose

Past Passive Participle

Formed with prefix 'pari-' and suffix -ta

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'yayau' (Rama).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' + -dā suffix

Note: Temporal adverb.