मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-15, verse-1
यमकिङ्कर उवाच ।
पतितात् प्रतिगृह्यार्थं खरयोनिं व्रजेद् द्विजः ।
नरकात् प्रतिमुक्तस्तु कृमिः पतितयाजकः ॥१॥
पतितात् प्रतिगृह्यार्थं खरयोनिं व्रजेद् द्विजः ।
नरकात् प्रतिमुक्तस्तु कृमिः पतितयाजकः ॥१॥
1. yamakiṅkara uvāca .
patitāt pratigṛhyārthaṃ kharayoniṃ vrajed dvijaḥ .
narakāt pratimuktastu kṛmiḥ patitayājakaḥ.
patitāt pratigṛhyārthaṃ kharayoniṃ vrajed dvijaḥ .
narakāt pratimuktastu kṛmiḥ patitayājakaḥ.
1.
yama-kiṅkara uvāca patitāt pratigṛhya artham khara-yonim
vrajet dvijaḥ narakāt pratimuktaḥ tu kṛmiḥ patita-yājakaḥ
vrajet dvijaḥ narakāt pratimuktaḥ tu kṛmiḥ patita-yājakaḥ
1.
The servant of Yama said: "A Brahmin (dvija) who accepts wealth (artha) from an outcast (patita) will be born as a donkey. But one who performs Vedic rituals (yajña) for an outcast (patita-yājaka) is released from hell (naraka) only to become a worm."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यम-किङ्कर (yama-kiṅkara) - servant of Yama, Yama's attendant
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke
- पतितात् (patitāt) - from a fallen one, from an outcast
- प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having accepted, after receiving
- अर्थम् (artham) - wealth, object, purpose
- खर-योनिम् (khara-yonim) - birth as a donkey, donkey species
- व्रजेत् (vrajet) - he should go, he would go, he attains
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin, a twice-born)
- नरकात् (narakāt) - from hell
- प्रतिमुक्तः (pratimuktaḥ) - released, liberated
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- कृमिः (kṛmiḥ) - a worm, an insect
- पतित-याजकः (patita-yājakaḥ) - one who performs sacrifices (yajña) for a fallen person
Words meanings and morphology
यम-किङ्कर (yama-kiṅkara) - servant of Yama, Yama's attendant
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yama-kiṅkara
yama-kiṅkara - servant of Yama
Compound of 'Yama' (god of death) and 'kiṅkara' (servant).
Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+kiṅkara)
- yama – Yama (god of death), restraint
proper noun (masculine)
Root: yam (class 1) - kiṅkara – servant, attendant
noun (masculine)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect tense form of 'vac'.
Root: vac (class 2)
पतितात् (patitāt) - from a fallen one, from an outcast
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of patita
patita - fallen, degraded, outcast
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'pat' (to fall).
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Source from which something is received.
प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having accepted, after receiving
(indeclinable)
Absolutive/Gerund
Absolutive form of root 'grah' (to seize, take) with upasarga 'prati' (towards, in return).
Prefix: prati
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.
अर्थम् (artham) - wealth, object, purpose
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of artha
artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object, thing
Note: Object of 'pratigṛhya'.
खर-योनिम् (khara-yonim) - birth as a donkey, donkey species
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of khara-yoni
khara-yoni - species of a donkey, birth as a donkey
Compound of 'khara' (donkey) and 'yoni' (womb, species).
Compound type : tatpurusha (khara+yoni)
- khara – donkey, ass
noun (masculine) - yoni – womb, origin, source, species
noun (feminine)
Note: Object of 'vrajet'.
व्रजेत् (vrajet) - he should go, he would go, he attains
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vraj
Optative mood, potential sense.
Root: vraj (class 1)
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin, a twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a bird, a tooth
Compound: 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).
Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root 'jan' (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of 'vrajet'.
नरकात् (narakāt) - from hell
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of naraka
naraka - hell, infernal region
Note: Indicates separation from hell.
प्रतिमुक्तः (pratimuktaḥ) - released, liberated
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prati-mukta
prati-mukta - released, set free, liberated
Past Passive Participle
PPP of root 'muc' (to release) with upasarga 'prati' (back, in return).
Prefix: prati
Root: muc (class 6)
Note: Describes 'patita-yājakaḥ'.
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
कृमिः (kṛmiḥ) - a worm, an insect
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛmi
kṛmi - worm, insect, vermin
Root: kṛm
Note: Predicate nominative for the implied 'bhavati' (becomes).
पतित-याजकः (patita-yājakaḥ) - one who performs sacrifices (yajña) for a fallen person
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of patita-yājaka
patita-yājaka - one who sacrifices for the degraded, priest of an outcast
Compound: 'patita' (fallen) + 'yājaka' (sacrificer, priest).
Compound type : tatpurusha (patita+yājaka)
- patita – fallen, degraded, outcast
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'pat' (to fall).
Root: pat (class 1) - yājaka – sacrificer, one who causes to sacrifice, priest
noun (masculine)
agent noun
Agent noun from root 'yaj' (to sacrifice).
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Subject of the second clause.