महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-63

अर्थत्यागो हि कार्यः स्यादर्थं श्रेयांसमिच्छता ।
बीजौपम्येन कौन्तेय मा ते भूदत्र संशयः ॥६३॥

63. arthatyāgo hi kāryaḥ syādarthaṁ śreyāṁsamicchatā ,
bījaupamyena kaunteya mā te bhūdatra saṁśayaḥ.

63. artha tyāgaḥ hi kāryaḥ syāt artham śreyāṃsam icchatā
bījaupamyena kaunteya mā te bhūt atra saṃśayaḥ

63. Indeed, a person desiring a greater good (artha) should be prepared to relinquish a lesser gain (artha). O son of Kuntī, let there be no doubt for you in this matter, using the analogy of a seed.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्थ (artha) - gain (referring to the lesser gain to be sacrificed) (purpose, object, wealth, gain, meaning, prosperity)

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - relinquishment, sacrifice (abandonment, sacrifice, renunciation, giving up)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done, proper (to be done, proper to be done, duty, action)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

• अर्थम् (artham) - a purpose, a gain (referring to the greater gain desired) (purpose, object, wealth, gain, meaning, prosperity)

• श्रेयांसम् (śreyāṁsam) - greater (good/purpose/gain) (better, superior, more excellent, greater good)

• इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring

• बीजौपम्येन (bījaupamyena) - by the analogy of a seed, with the example of a seed

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī (Arjuna)

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• ते (te) - for you (to you, your (genitive/dative of 'tvam'))

• भूत् (bhūt) - let it be (let it be, may it be (aorist form))

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter, in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

Words meanings and morphology

अर्थ (artha) - gain (referring to the lesser gain to be sacrificed) (purpose, object, wealth, gain, meaning, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, object, wealth, meaning, prosperity, success, gain

Root: ṛ

Note: First part of a compound 'artha-tyāgaḥ'.

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - relinquishment, sacrifice (abandonment, sacrifice, renunciation, giving up)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, sacrifice, renunciation, giving up, leaving

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon) + 'ghañ' suffix.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: The entire compound 'artha-tyāgaḥ' functions as the subject here.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done, proper (to be done, proper to be done, duty, action)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, action, business

Gerundive

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'ṇyat' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अर्थम् (artham) - a purpose, a gain (referring to the greater gain desired) (purpose, object, wealth, gain, meaning, prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, object, wealth, meaning, prosperity, success, gain

Root: ṛ

Note: Object of 'icchatā'.

श्रेयांसम् (śreyāṁsam) - greater (good/purpose/gain) (better, superior, more excellent, greater good)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, more excellent, supreme good, bliss

Comparative degree of 'śrī' (good fortune) or 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

From root 'iṣ' (to wish) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Functions as 'by one who desires'.

बीजौपम्येन (bījaupamyena) - by the analogy of a seed, with the example of a seed

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bījaupamya

bījaupamya - analogy of a seed, comparison with a seed

Compound of 'bīja' and 'aupamya'.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (bīja+aupamya)

• bīja – seed, germ, origin, cause
  noun (neuter)
• aupamya – likeness, similarity, comparison, analogy
  noun (neuter)
  From 'upamā' (comparison) + 'ya' suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, descendant of Kuntī (e.g., Arjuna)

From 'Kuntī' + 'ḍhak' suffix.

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - for you (to you, your (genitive/dative of 'tvam'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Note: Also genitive. Here, 'for you' in sense of 'do not let there be for you'.

भूत् (bhūt) - let it be (let it be, may it be (aorist form))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally with 'mā' for prohibition 'let there not be'.

अत्र (atra) - in this matter, in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From 'idam' (this) + 'tral' suffix.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

From 'sam' + root 'śī' (to lie, to doubt) + 'a' suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'bhūt'.