महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-62

सत्त्वं हि मूलमर्थस्य वितथं यदतोऽन्यथा ।
न तु प्रसक्तं भवति वृक्षच्छायेव हैमनी ॥६२॥

62. sattvaṁ hi mūlamarthasya vitathaṁ yadato'nyathā ,
na tu prasaktaṁ bhavati vṛkṣacchāyeva haimanī.

62. sattvam hi mūlam arthasya vitatham yat ataḥ anyathā
na tu prasaktam bhavati vṛkṣacchāyā iva haimanī

62. Indeed, inner strength (sattva) is the foundation of prosperity (artha); anything that deviates from this is futile. What is achieved otherwise (without sattva) does not truly endure, just like the shade of a wintry tree (which is fleeting and provides no comfort).

Words meanings summery:

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - inner strength, intrinsic resolve (intrinsic nature, essence, purity, goodness, strength, courage, existence)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - foundation (root, foundation, origin, cause)

• अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of prosperity or success (of purpose, of wealth, of meaning, of prosperity, of an object)

• वितथम् (vitatham) - futile, fruitless (false, untrue, fruitless, vain, useless)

• यत् (yat) - what (is done) (which, what, that)

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this (principle of sattva being the root) (therefore, hence, from this)

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - deviating from this (principle) (otherwise, differently, in another way)

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

• प्रसक्तम् (prasaktam) - enduring, lasting (attached, involved, engrossed, continuous, enduring, effective)

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

• वृक्षच्छाया (vṛkṣacchāyā) - tree's shade

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• हैमनी (haimanī) - wintry, relating to winter, cold

Words meanings and morphology

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - inner strength, intrinsic resolve (intrinsic nature, essence, purity, goodness, strength, courage, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - intrinsic nature, essence, purity, goodness, strength, courage, existence

Root: as (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

मूलम् (mūlam) - foundation (root, foundation, origin, cause)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, foundation, origin, cause, source

अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of prosperity or success (of purpose, of wealth, of meaning, of prosperity, of an object)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, object, wealth, meaning, prosperity, success

From root 'ṛ' (to go, to reach) + 'tha' suffix.

Root: ṛ

वितथम् (vitatham) - futile, fruitless (false, untrue, fruitless, vain, useless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vitatha

vitatha - false, untrue, fruitless, vain, useless, unsuccessful

From 'vi' (negation) + 'tatha' (true, so, thus).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vi+tatha)

• vi – asunder, apart, away; (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• tatha – true, so, thus
  indeclinable

Note: Refers to the result of 'yad ataḥ anyathā'.

यत् (yat) - what (is done) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of implicit verb 'is'.

अतः (ataḥ) - from this (principle of sattva being the root) (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

From 'idam' (this) + 'tasi' suffix.

अन्यथा (anyathā) - deviating from this (principle) (otherwise, differently, in another way)

(indeclinable)

From 'anya' (other) + 'thā' suffix (in that manner).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

प्रसक्तम् (prasaktam) - enduring, lasting (attached, involved, engrossed, continuous, enduring, effective)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prasakta

prasakta - attached, connected, occupied, engrossed, continuous, lasting, enduring, effective

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra' + root 'sañj' (to cling, to attach) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'fruit' or 'result' of 'yat ataḥ anyathā'.

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

वृक्षच्छाया (vṛkṣacchāyā) - tree's shade

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛkṣacchāyā

vṛkṣacchāyā - tree's shade, shadow of a tree

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+chāyā)

• vṛkṣa – tree, plant
  noun (masculine)
• chāyā – shade, shadow, reflection, lustre
  noun (feminine)
  Root: chā

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

हैमनी (haimanī) - wintry, relating to winter, cold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of haimanī

haimanī - wintry, relating to winter, cold

From 'hemanta' (winter) + 'aṇ' suffix, feminine form.