महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-24

यस्य चार्थार्थमेवार्थः स च नार्थस्य कोविदः ।
रक्षते भृतकोऽरण्यं यथा स्यात्तादृगेव सः ॥२४॥

24. yasya cārthārthamevārthaḥ sa ca nārthasya kovidaḥ ,
rakṣate bhṛtako'raṇyaṁ yathā syāttādṛgeva saḥ.

24. yasya ca artha-artham eva arthaḥ saḥ ca na arthasya
kovidaḥ rakṣate bhṛtakaḥ araṇyam yathā syāt tādṛk eva saḥ

24. And a person whose pursuit of material prosperity (artha) is solely for the sake of wealth itself, is not truly skilled in the understanding of wealth (artha). Such a person is exactly like a hired servant who guards a forest; they protect it for gain, not out of true comprehension or intrinsic connection.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• च (ca) - and, also

• अर्थ-अर्थम् (artha-artham) - for the sake of wealth, for the purpose of material gain

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth, purpose, meaning, material prosperity

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of wealth, of purpose

• कोविदः (kovidaḥ) - expert, skilled, knowledgeable

• रक्षते (rakṣate) - protects, guards

• भृतकः (bhṛtakaḥ) - hired servant, mercenary, employee

• अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be, should be

• तादृक् (tādṛk) - such, of that kind

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अर्थ-अर्थम् (artha-artham) - for the sake of wealth, for the purpose of material gain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arthārtha

arthārtha - for the sake of material prosperity, for the purpose of wealth

Compound formed from `artha` (wealth) and `artha` (purpose).

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+artha)

• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here, similar to dative case.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth, purpose, meaning, material prosperity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of wealth, of purpose

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity

कोविदः (kovidaḥ) - expert, skilled, knowledgeable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kovida

kovida - knowing, skilled, expert, wise

Root: vid (class 2)

रक्षते (rakṣate) - protects, guards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भृतकः (bhṛtakaḥ) - hired servant, mercenary, employee

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛtaka

bhṛtaka - hired, maintained, a hired servant, mercenary

From root √bhṛ (to bear, carry, maintain) + -taka suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, distant, foreign

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तादृक् (tādṛk) - such, of that kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tādṛś

tādṛś - such, like that, of that kind

From `tad` (that) + `dṛś` (seeing, looking).

Note: The final `ś` becomes `k` by sandhi before a consonant like `e` (for `eva`).

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it