महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-16

अस्मानमी धार्तराष्ट्राः क्षममाणानलं सतः ।
अशक्तानेव मन्यन्ते तद्दुःखं नाहवे वधः ॥१६॥

16. asmānamī dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ kṣamamāṇānalaṁ sataḥ ,
aśaktāneva manyante tadduḥkhaṁ nāhave vadhaḥ.

16. asmān amī dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ kṣamamāṇān alam sataḥ
aśaktān eva manyante tat duḥkham na āhave vadhaḥ

16. These sons of Dhritarashtra consider us, who are capable of enduring and are truly righteous, as merely incapable. That (perception of us) is the true sorrow, not death in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• अमी (amī) - these (ones)

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - sons of Dhritarashtra, Kauravas

• क्षममाणान् (kṣamamāṇān) - enduring, forbearing, patient

• अलम् (alam) - capable, worthy, sufficient, enough

• सतः (sataḥ) - righteous, good, existing, being

• अशक्तान् (aśaktān) - incapable, powerless, unable

• एव (eva) - only, merely, indeed, just

• मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they think, they consider, they believe

• तत् (tat) - that

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

• न (na) - not, no

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war, in conflict

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - slaying, killing, death

Words meanings and morphology

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: object of 'manyante'

अमी (amī) - these (ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adas

adas - that, this (demonstrative pronoun, referring to what is distant or not immediately present, or contemptible)

Note: agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - sons of Dhritarashtra, Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, a Kaurava

from Dhṛtarāṣṭra + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: subject of 'manyante'

क्षममाणान् (kṣamamāṇān) - enduring, forbearing, patient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣamamāṇa

kṣamamāṇa - enduring, forbearing, patient

Present Middle Participle

from kṣam (to endure) + śānac

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'asmān'

अलम् (alam) - capable, worthy, sufficient, enough

(indeclinable)

Note: modifies 'kṣamamāṇān' or 'sataḥ', implying capability/worthiness

सतः (sataḥ) - righteous, good, existing, being

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, righteous, real

Present Active Participle

from as (to be) + śatṛ

Root: as (class 2)

Note: agrees with 'asmān'

अशक्तान् (aśaktān) - incapable, powerless, unable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśakta

aśakta - incapable, unable, powerless

Past Passive Participle (negative)

from a + śak + kta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• śakta – able, capable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from śak + kta
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: predicate accusative describing 'asmān' in the context of 'manyante'

एव (eva) - only, merely, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Note: emphasizes 'aśaktān'

मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they think, they consider, they believe

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Tense

3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: man (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to the preceding statement (being considered incapable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

Note: predicate nominative, 'that is sorrow'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: negates 'vadhaḥ'

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, conflict, fight

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: location of death

वधः (vadhaḥ) - slaying, killing, death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, death, striking down

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: subject of the negated clause 'not death'