महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-15

स भवान्दृष्टिमाञ्शक्तः पश्यन्नात्मनि पौरुषम् ।
आनृशंस्यपरो राजन्नानर्थमवबुध्यसे ॥१५॥

15. sa bhavāndṛṣṭimāñśaktaḥ paśyannātmani pauruṣam ,
ānṛśaṁsyaparo rājannānarthamavabudhyase.

15. saḥ bhavān dṛṣṭimān śaktaḥ paśyan ātmani pauruṣam
ānṛśaṃsyaparaḥ rājan na anartham avabudhyase

15. O King, you, who are discerning and capable, perceiving manliness (pauruṣa) within your own self (ātman), yet, being solely devoted to excessive kindness, you fail to understand this impending misfortune.

15. אתה בעל ראייה וכוח, ורואה בעצמך גבריות, אך מתוך מסירות לרחמים, הו מלך, אינך מבין את הנזק.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), your honor

• दृष्टिमान् (dṛṣṭimān) - insightful, discerning, possessed of vision/sight

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, powerful

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, perceiving, observing

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - within your own self (ātman) (in the self, in oneself, in the mind)

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, heroism, valor, effort, human endeavor

• आनृशंस्यपरः (ānṛśaṁsyaparaḥ) - devoted to kindness, excessively gentle, intent on non-cruelty

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• न (na) - not, no

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless thing

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to 'bhavān'

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), your honor

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - being, existing; present; you (honorific)

Present Active Participle

from bhū + śatṛ

Root: bhū (class 1)

दृष्टिमान् (dṛṣṭimān) - insightful, discerning, possessed of vision/sight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭimat

dṛṣṭimat - possessed of sight, insightful, discerning, wise

from dṛṣṭi + matup

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

from śak + kta

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, perceiving, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

from dṛś (gamanādeśa for paśya) + śatṛ

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

आत्मनि (ātmani) - within your own self (ātman) (in the self, in oneself, in the mind)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, individual soul (ātman), the Supreme Self

Note: location for perceiving manliness

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, heroism, valor, effort, human endeavor

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort, virility

Note: object of 'paśyan'

आनृशंस्यपरः (ānṛśaṁsyaparaḥ) - devoted to kindness, excessively gentle, intent on non-cruelty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ānṛśaṃsyapara

ānṛśaṁsyapara - intent on humanity, devoted to non-cruelty, excessively gentle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ānṛśaṃsya+para)

• ānṛśaṃsya – humanity, kindness, non-cruelty
  noun (neuter)
  from anṛśaṃsa (not cruel)
  Prefix: ā
• para – supreme, chief, intent on, devoted to
  adjective (masculine)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: negates 'avabudhyase'

अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless thing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, useless; meaningless

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: object of 'avabudhyase'

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present Tense

2nd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: refers to 'bhavān'

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