महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-15

स भवान्दृष्टिमाञ्शक्तः पश्यन्नात्मनि पौरुषम् ।
आनृशंस्यपरो राजन्नानर्थमवबुध्यसे ॥१५॥

15. sa bhavāndṛṣṭimāñśaktaḥ paśyannātmani pauruṣam ,
ānṛśaṁsyaparo rājannānarthamavabudhyase.

15. saḥ bhavān dṛṣṭimān śaktaḥ paśyan ātmani pauruṣam
ānṛśaṃsyaparaḥ rājan na anartham avabudhyase

15. O King, you, who are discerning and capable, perceiving manliness (pauruṣa) within your own self (ātman), yet, being solely devoted to excessive kindness, you fail to understand this impending misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), your honor

• दृष्टिमान् (dṛṣṭimān) - insightful, discerning, possessed of vision/sight

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, powerful

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, perceiving, observing

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - within your own self (ātman) (in the self, in oneself, in the mind)

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, heroism, valor, effort, human endeavor

• आनृशंस्यपरः (ānṛśaṁsyaparaḥ) - devoted to kindness, excessively gentle, intent on non-cruelty

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• न (na) - not, no

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless thing

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to 'bhavān'

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), your honor

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - being, existing; present; you (honorific)

Present Active Participle

from bhū + śatṛ

Root: bhū (class 1)

दृष्टिमान् (dṛṣṭimān) - insightful, discerning, possessed of vision/sight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭimat

dṛṣṭimat - possessed of sight, insightful, discerning, wise

from dṛṣṭi + matup

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

from śak + kta

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, perceiving, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

from dṛś (gamanādeśa for paśya) + śatṛ

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

आत्मनि (ātmani) - within your own self (ātman) (in the self, in oneself, in the mind)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, individual soul (ātman), the Supreme Self

Note: location for perceiving manliness

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness, heroism, valor, effort, human endeavor

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, heroism, human effort, virility

Note: object of 'paśyan'

आनृशंस्यपरः (ānṛśaṁsyaparaḥ) - devoted to kindness, excessively gentle, intent on non-cruelty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ānṛśaṃsyapara

ānṛśaṁsyapara - intent on humanity, devoted to non-cruelty, excessively gentle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ānṛśaṃsya+para)

• ānṛśaṃsya – humanity, kindness, non-cruelty
  noun (neuter)
  from anṛśaṃsa (not cruel)
  Prefix: ā
• para – supreme, chief, intent on, devoted to
  adjective (masculine)

Note: agrees with 'bhavān'

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: negates 'avabudhyase'

अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless thing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, useless; meaningless

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: object of 'avabudhyase'

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present Tense

2nd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: refers to 'bhavān'