महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-20

आत्मार्थं युध्यमानानां विदिते कृत्यलक्षणे ।
अन्यैरपहृते राज्ये प्रशंसैव न गर्हणा ॥२०॥

20. ātmārthaṁ yudhyamānānāṁ vidite kṛtyalakṣaṇe ,
anyairapahṛte rājye praśaṁsaiva na garhaṇā.

20. ātma-artham yudhyamānānām vidite kṛtya-lakṣaṇe
anyaiḥ apahṛte rājye praśaṃsā eva na garhaṇā

20. For those who fight for their own sake, when the nature of their duty is clear and their kingdom has been usurped by others, there is only praise, not blame.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्म-अर्थम् (ātma-artham) - fighting for the benefit of one's own self/family/kingdom (for one's own sake, for self-interest)

• युध्यमानानाम् (yudhyamānānām) - of those fighting, of those who are battling

• विदिते (vidite) - when it is clearly understood (when known, when understood)

• कृत्य-लक्षणे (kṛtya-lakṣaṇe) - when the specific nature of their duty (dharma) as warriors is clear (in the characteristic of duty, in the sign of what must be done, in the nature of duty)

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by the enemies (Kauravas) (by others)

• अपहृते (apahṛte) - when the kingdom is usurped (when seized, when taken away)

• राज्ये (rājye) - in their own kingdom (in the kingdom, when the kingdom)

• प्रशंसा (praśaṁsā) - praise, commendation

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly

• न (na) - not, no

• गर्हणा (garhaṇā) - blame, reproach, censure

Words meanings and morphology

आत्म-अर्थम् (ātma-artham) - fighting for the benefit of one's own self/family/kingdom (for one's own sake, for self-interest)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātma-artha

ātma-artha - one's own interest, purpose of the self, for the self

Compound of 'ātman' (self) + 'artha' (purpose, sake, object).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+artha)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman), the Supreme Soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, object, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial phrase "for the sake of oneself".

युध्यमानानाम् (yudhyamānānām) - of those fighting, of those who are battling

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root `yudh` (to fight) with `śānac` suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

विदिते (vidite) - when it is clearly understood (when known, when understood)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

From root `vid` (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

कृत्य-लक्षणे (kṛtya-lakṣaṇe) - when the specific nature of their duty (dharma) as warriors is clear (in the characteristic of duty, in the sign of what must be done, in the nature of duty)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛtya-lakṣaṇa

kṛtya-lakṣaṇa - characteristic of duty, mark of what is to be done, nature of an action

Compound 'kṛtya' (duty) + 'lakṣaṇa' (characteristic).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṛtya+lakṣaṇa)

• kṛtya – duty, action to be done, obligation
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tya.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition, nature
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by the enemies (Kauravas) (by others)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Indefinite pronoun.

Note: Agent of `apahṛte`.

अपहृते (apahṛte) - when the kingdom is usurped (when seized, when taken away)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - carried off, stolen, taken away, removed, usurped

Past Passive Participle

From root `hṛ` (to take) with prefix `apa-`.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

राज्ये (rājye) - in their own kingdom (in the kingdom, when the kingdom)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, royal power

From `rājan` (king) + `ya` suffix.

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रशंसा (praśaṁsā) - praise, commendation

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of praśaṃsā

praśaṁsā - praise, commendation, applause

From root `śaṃs` (to praise) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

गर्हणा (garhaṇā) - blame, reproach, censure

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of garhaṇā

garhaṇā - blame, censure, reproach, dispraise

From root `garh` (to blame).

Root: garh (class 1)