महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-44

विदितश्चैव ते धर्मः सततं चरितश्च ते ।
जानते त्वयि शंसन्ति सुहृदः कर्मचोदनाम् ॥४४॥

44. viditaścaiva te dharmaḥ satataṁ caritaśca te ,
jānate tvayi śaṁsanti suhṛdaḥ karmacodanām.

44. viditaḥ ca eva te dharmaḥ satatam caritaḥ ca
te jānate tvayi śaṃsanti suhṛdaḥ karmacodanam

44. Dharma (righteous conduct) is indeed known to you and has also been constantly practiced by you. While you are well-informed, your suhṛdaḥ (friends) advise you regarding the impetus for action (karmacodanam).

Words meanings summery:

• विदितः (viditaḥ) - known (known, understood)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

• ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

• चरितः (caritaḥ) - practiced (practiced, performed, behaved)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

• जानते (jānate) - while (you are) well-informed (knowing, while knowing)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - (while) you (are) (in you, by you)

• शंसन्ति (śaṁsanti) - they advise (they praise, they advise, they announce)

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - your friends (suhṛdaḥ) (friends, well-wishers)

• कर्मचोदनम् (karmacodanam) - the impetus for action (karmacodanam) (urging to action, impulse to karma, incitement to duty)

Words meanings and morphology

विदितः (viditaḥ) - known (known, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects adjectives.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Second person pronoun, genitive/dative singular. Here, often used as agent with passive participle

Note: Acts as the agent for the passive participles 'viditaḥ' and 'caritaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitutional law

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form, from sa-tata (always stretched out)

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'caritaḥ'.

चरितः (caritaḥ) - practiced (practiced, performed, behaved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carita

carita - practiced, performed, behaved

Past Passive Participle

From root car (to move, to practice)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'viditaḥ' and 'caritaḥ'.

ते (te) - by you (by you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Second person pronoun, genitive/dative singular. Here, often used as agent with passive participle

Note: Agent for 'caritaḥ'.

जानते (jānate) - while (you are) well-informed (knowing, while knowing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, wise

Present Active Participle

From root jñā (9th class), used in locative singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the addressed person (the king).

त्वयि (tvayi) - (while) you (are) (in you, by you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Second person pronoun, locative singular

Note: Refers to the addressed person (the king).

शंसन्ति (śaṁsanti) - they advise (they praise, they advise, they announce)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Present Active Indicative

From root śaṃs (1st class), third person plural

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'suhṛdaḥ'.

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - your friends (suhṛdaḥ) (friends, well-wishers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

From su- + hṛd (heart), good-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good'
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'śaṃsanti'.

कर्मचोदनम् (karmacodanam) - the impetus for action (karmacodanam) (urging to action, impulse to karma, incitement to duty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karmacodana

karmacodana - urging to action, impulse to karma, incitement to duty

From karma + codana (urging)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+codana)

• karma – action, deed, karma
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• codana – urging, incitement
  noun (feminine)
  From root cud (to urge), + ana suffix
  Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Object of 'śaṃsanti'.