महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-46

एष नार्थविहीनेन शक्यो राजन्निषेवितुम् ।
अखिलाः पुरुषव्याघ्र गुणाः स्युर्यद्यपीतरे ॥४६॥

46. eṣa nārthavihīnena śakyo rājanniṣevitum ,
akhilāḥ puruṣavyāghra guṇāḥ syuryadyapītare.

46. eṣaḥ na arthavihīnena śakyaḥ rājan niṣevitum
akhilāḥ puruṣavyāghra guṇāḥ syuḥ yadyapi itare

46. O King, O tiger among men, this (dharma) cannot be practiced by one who is devoid of wealth (artha), even if all other virtues are present.

46. אי אפשר לקיים זאת בלי עושר, הו מלך, הו אדם אמיץ כנמר, גם אילו היו כל שאר המעלות שלמות.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the supreme dharma from the previous verse) (this, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्थविहीनेन (arthavihīnena) - by one who is devoid of wealth (artha) (by one devoid of wealth, by the poor)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be practiced) (possible, able, capable, practicable)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (O King, King)

• निषेवितुम् (niṣevitum) - to practice (dharma) (to practice, to perform, to attend to, to worship)

• अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all (other virtues) (all, whole, complete, entire)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (vocative) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues (qualities, virtues, attributes, strands of prakṛti)

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be present (they may be, they might be)

• यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if (although, even if)

• इतरे (itare) - other (virtues) (other, different, remaining)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the supreme dharma from the previous verse) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'dharma' from the previous verse.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अर्थविहीनेन (arthavihīnena) - by one who is devoid of wealth (artha) (by one devoid of wealth, by the poor)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arthavihīna

arthavihīna - devoid of wealth, poor, indigent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+vihīna)

• artha – wealth, purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)
• vihīna – devoid of, deprived of, separated from
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix vi- + root hā (to abandon, quit) + suffix -kta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with an implied agent, e.g., 'by a person'.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be practiced) (possible, able, capable, practicable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able to be done, practicable

Gerundive (karmaṇi pratyaya)

Derived from root śak (to be able) with suffix -ya

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'eṣaḥ (dharmaḥ)'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (O King, King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Vocative case, addressing the king.

निषेवितुम् (niṣevitum) - to practice (dharma) (to practice, to perform, to attend to, to worship)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Prefix ni- + root sev (to serve) + suffix -tumun

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Infinitives are indeclinable, hence gender/number/case/person are null.

अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all (other virtues) (all, whole, complete, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akhila

akhila - all, whole, entire, complete, undivided

Negative prefix a- + khila (deficient, wanting)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+khila)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• khila – deficient, wanting, empty, residual
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'guṇāḥ'.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (vocative) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative case, addressing the king.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues (qualities, virtues, attributes, strands of prakṛti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature (prakṛti), thread

Note: Subject of 'syuḥ'.

स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be present (they may be, they might be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Optative mood, expressing possibility.

यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if (although, even if)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yadi (if) and api (also, even)

इतरे (itare) - other (virtues) (other, different, remaining)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, different, remaining, inferior

Note: Refers to other 'guṇāḥ'.

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