महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-46

एष नार्थविहीनेन शक्यो राजन्निषेवितुम् ।
अखिलाः पुरुषव्याघ्र गुणाः स्युर्यद्यपीतरे ॥४६॥

46. eṣa nārthavihīnena śakyo rājanniṣevitum ,
akhilāḥ puruṣavyāghra guṇāḥ syuryadyapītare.

46. eṣaḥ na arthavihīnena śakyaḥ rājan niṣevitum
akhilāḥ puruṣavyāghra guṇāḥ syuḥ yadyapi itare

46. O King, O tiger among men, this (dharma) cannot be practiced by one who is devoid of wealth (artha), even if all other virtues are present.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the supreme dharma from the previous verse) (this, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्थविहीनेन (arthavihīnena) - by one who is devoid of wealth (artha) (by one devoid of wealth, by the poor)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be practiced) (possible, able, capable, practicable)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (O King, King)

• निषेवितुम् (niṣevitum) - to practice (dharma) (to practice, to perform, to attend to, to worship)

• अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all (other virtues) (all, whole, complete, entire)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (vocative) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues (qualities, virtues, attributes, strands of prakṛti)

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be present (they may be, they might be)

• यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if (although, even if)

• इतरे (itare) - other (virtues) (other, different, remaining)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the supreme dharma from the previous verse) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'dharma' from the previous verse.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अर्थविहीनेन (arthavihīnena) - by one who is devoid of wealth (artha) (by one devoid of wealth, by the poor)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arthavihīna

arthavihīna - devoid of wealth, poor, indigent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+vihīna)

• artha – wealth, purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)
• vihīna – devoid of, deprived of, separated from
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix vi- + root hā (to abandon, quit) + suffix -kta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with an implied agent, e.g., 'by a person'.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be practiced) (possible, able, capable, practicable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able to be done, practicable

Gerundive (karmaṇi pratyaya)

Derived from root śak (to be able) with suffix -ya

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'eṣaḥ (dharmaḥ)'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (O King, King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Vocative case, addressing the king.

निषेवितुम् (niṣevitum) - to practice (dharma) (to practice, to perform, to attend to, to worship)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Prefix ni- + root sev (to serve) + suffix -tumun

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Infinitives are indeclinable, hence gender/number/case/person are null.

अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all (other virtues) (all, whole, complete, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akhila

akhila - all, whole, entire, complete, undivided

Negative prefix a- + khila (deficient, wanting)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+khila)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• khila – deficient, wanting, empty, residual
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'guṇāḥ'.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men (vocative) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative case, addressing the king.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues (qualities, virtues, attributes, strands of prakṛti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature (prakṛti), thread

Note: Subject of 'syuḥ'.

स्युः (syuḥ) - they may be present (they may be, they might be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Optative mood, expressing possibility.

यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if (although, even if)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yadi (if) and api (also, even)

इतरे (itare) - other (virtues) (other, different, remaining)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, different, remaining, inferior

Note: Refers to other 'guṇāḥ'.