महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-23

यस्य धर्मो हि धर्मार्थं क्लेशभाङ्न स पण्डितः ।
न स धर्मस्य वेदार्थं सूर्यस्यान्धः प्रभामिव ॥२३॥

23. yasya dharmo hi dharmārthaṁ kleśabhāṅna sa paṇḍitaḥ ,
na sa dharmasya vedārthaṁ sūryasyāndhaḥ prabhāmiva.

23. yasya dharmaḥ hi dharma-artham kleśa-bhāk na saḥ paṇḍitaḥ
na saḥ dharmasya veda-artham sūryasya andhaḥ prabhām iva

23. Indeed, a person whose adherence to natural law (dharma) – even when performed for the sake of natural law (dharma) itself – results in hardship (kleśabhāk), is not truly wise (paṇḍita). Such a person does not comprehend the true essence of natural law (dharma), just as a blind person cannot perceive the radiance of the sun.

23. מי שהיושר שלו הוא רק למען היושר ונושא בעמל, אינו חכם. הוא אינו מבין את משמעות היושר, כמו שהעיוור אינו רואה את זוהר השמש.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• धर्म-अर्थम् (dharma-artham) - for the sake of dharma, for a purpose related to dharma

• क्लेश-भाक् (kleśa-bhāk) - experiencing distress, suffering hardship, partaking in misery

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise person, scholar, learned person

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma

• वेद-अर्थम् (veda-artham) - the true essence of natural law (dharma) (the meaning of the Veda, the true meaning/essence (of dharma))

• सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the sun

• अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind person

• प्रभाम् (prabhām) - radiance, light, splendor

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

धर्म-अर्थम् (dharma-artham) - for the sake of dharma, for a purpose related to dharma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - purpose of dharma, meaning of dharma, for the sake of dharma

Compound formed from `dharma` and `artha`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+artha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here to mean "for the sake of dharma".

क्लेश-भाक् (kleśa-bhāk) - experiencing distress, suffering hardship, partaking in misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kleśabhāj

kleśabhāj - partaker of distress, suffering hardship

Compound from `kleśa` (distress) and `bhāj` (partaker, sharer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kleśa+bhāj)

• kleśa – distress, pain, affliction, suffering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kliś (class 4)
• bhāj – partaker, sharer, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √bhaj (to share, partake).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Sandhi `j` -> `k` before `n` (of `na`).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise person, scholar, learned person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, scholar, pandit

Root: paṇḍ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वेद-अर्थम् (veda-artham) - the true essence of natural law (dharma) (the meaning of the Veda, the true meaning/essence (of dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vedārtha

vedārtha - meaning of the Veda, significance of knowledge, true purpose

Compound formed from `veda` and `artha`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+artha)

• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the sun

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of andha

andha - blind, a blind person

प्रभाम् (prabhām) - radiance, light, splendor

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prabhā

prabhā - light, radiance, splendor, lustre

From pra- √bhā (to shine).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

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