महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-45

दानं यज्ञः सतां पूजा वेदधारणमार्जवम् ।
एष धर्मः परो राजन्फलवान्प्रेत्य चेह च ॥४५॥

45. dānaṁ yajñaḥ satāṁ pūjā vedadhāraṇamārjavam ,
eṣa dharmaḥ paro rājanphalavānpretya ceha ca.

45. dānam yajñaḥ satām pūjā vedadhāraṇam ārjavam |
eṣaḥ dharmaḥ paraḥ rājan phalavān pretya ca iha ca

45. rājan dānam yajñaḥ satām pūjā vedadhāraṇam ārjavam
eṣaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ iha ca pretya ca phalavān

45. O king, charity (dāna), the performance of Vedic rituals (yajña), the veneration of virtuous persons, the study and retention of the Vedas, and straightforwardness (ārjavam) – this is the supreme natural law (dharma) which yields beneficial results both in this world and after death.

Words meanings summery:

• दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving, donation

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

• सताम् (satām) - of virtuous persons (of the good, of the virtuous, of the existing)

• पूजा (pūjā) - worship, veneration, honor

• वेदधारणम् (vedadhāraṇam) - study and retention of the Vedas (upholding the Vedas, retaining the Vedas, studying the Vedas)

• आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, sincerity, honesty

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct, constitution

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• फलवान् (phalavān) - yields beneficial results (fruitful, productive, bearing results)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having died, in the next world

• च (ca) - and, also

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving, donation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - charity, giving, donation, gift

Derived from root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

Derived from root yaj (to worship, sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

सताम् (satām) - of virtuous persons (of the good, of the virtuous, of the existing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to pūjā as 'worship of the virtuous'.

पूजा (pūjā) - worship, veneration, honor

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pūjā

pūjā - worship, honor, veneration, adoration

Root: pūj (class 10)

वेदधारणम् (vedadhāraṇam) - study and retention of the Vedas (upholding the Vedas, retaining the Vedas, studying the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedadhāraṇa

vedadhāraṇa - upholding the Vedas, retaining the Vedas, studying the Vedas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (veda+dhāraṇa)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• dhāraṇa – holding, retaining, supporting, studying
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, sincerity, honesty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - straightforwardness, sincerity, uprightness, honesty

Derived from ṛju (straight).

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the collective list of virtues as 'this (dharma)'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct, constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct, constitution, duty

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

फलवान् (phalavān) - yields beneficial results (fruitful, productive, bearing results)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalavat

phalavat - fruitful, effective, having results

Derived from phala (fruit) + -vat suffix (possessive).

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having died, in the next world

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from pra-i (to go forth, die).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in a list.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in a list.