महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-41

धर्मं चार्थं च कामं च यथावद्वदतां वर ।
विभज्य काले कालज्ञः सर्वान्सेवेत पण्डितः ॥४१॥

41. dharmaṁ cārthaṁ ca kāmaṁ ca yathāvadvadatāṁ vara ,
vibhajya kāle kālajñaḥ sarvānseveta paṇḍitaḥ.

41. dharmam ca artham ca kāmam ca yathāvat vadatām
vara vibhajya kāle kālajñaḥ sarvān sevet paṇḍitaḥ

41. O best among speakers, a wise person, understanding the right timing, should properly apportion and pursue all these – dharma (righteous conduct), artha (material prosperity), and kāma (sensual enjoyment) – at their appropriate times.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous conduct (righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitutional law)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity (purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कामम् (kāmam) - sensual enjoyment (desire, wish, love, sensual enjoyment)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (properly, according to the truth, exactly, as it should be)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (among those who speak, of speakers)

• वर (vara) - O best one (excellent, best, boon)

• विभज्य (vibhajya) - having apportioned (having divided, having apportioned)

• काले (kāle) - at the appropriate time (in time, at the right time)

• कालज्ञः (kālajñaḥ) - one who understands the right timing (knower of time, skilled in timing)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all of them (referring to dharma, artha, kāma) (all, everyone)

• सेवेत् (sevet) - one should pursue (one should serve, one should pursue, one should attend to)

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person (learned, wise person, scholar)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous conduct (righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitutional law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitutional law

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity (purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कामम् (kāmam) - sensual enjoyment (desire, wish, love, sensual enjoyment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual enjoyment

Root: kam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (properly, according to the truth, exactly, as it should be)

(indeclinable)

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (among those who speak, of speakers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker

Present Active Participle

Formed from root vad + śatṛ suffix

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to those who speak, used here in the context of 'best among speakers'.

वर (vara) - O best one (excellent, best, boon)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - excellent, best, boon, suitor

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used as an address, 'O best'.

विभज्य (vibhajya) - having apportioned (having divided, having apportioned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from vi- + bhaj (7th class) + lyap suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 7)

काले (kāle) - at the appropriate time (in time, at the right time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, death

कालज्ञः (kālajñaḥ) - one who understands the right timing (knower of time, skilled in timing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālajña

kālajña - knower of time, skilled in timing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+jña)

• kāla – time, period, death
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'paṇḍitaḥ'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all of them (referring to dharma, artha, kāma) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, entire, every

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned 'dharma, artha, kāma'.

सेवेत् (sevet) - one should pursue (one should serve, one should pursue, one should attend to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sev

Optative

From root sev (1st class, Ātmanepada), third person singular

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Expresses a recommendation or obligation.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person (learned, wise person, scholar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise person, scholar

Root: paṇḍ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'sevet'.