महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-56

न हि केवलधर्मात्मा पृथिवीं जातु कश्चन ।
पार्थिवो व्यजयद्राजन्न भूतिं न पुनः श्रियम् ॥५६॥

56. na hi kevaladharmātmā pṛthivīṁ jātu kaścana ,
pārthivo vyajayadrājanna bhūtiṁ na punaḥ śriyam.

56. na hi kevaladharmātmā pṛthivīm jātu kaścana
pārthivaḥ vyajayat rājan na bhūtim na punar śriyam

56. O King, indeed, no ruler whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is solely righteousness has ever conquered the earth, nor has he obtained prosperity or glory.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• केवलधर्मात्मा (kevaladharmātmā) - A king who adheres only to passive righteousness, without taking necessary action. (one whose self (ātman) is solely duty/righteousness, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is merely)

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - The kingdom or territory to be ruled. (the earth, the ground)

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time, never (with 'na')

• कश्चन (kaścana) - anyone, somebody

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler, earthly

• व्यजयत् (vyajayat) - conquered, vanquished, won

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the recipient of the advice. (O king)

• न (na) - not, no

• भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity, well-being, power

• न (na) - not, no

• पुनर् (punar) - again, moreover, but

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - glory, splendor, fortune

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

केवलधर्मात्मा (kevaladharmātmā) - A king who adheres only to passive righteousness, without taking necessary action. (one whose self (ātman) is solely duty/righteousness, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is merely)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kevaladharmātman

kevaladharmātman - one whose self (ātman) is solely duty/righteousness, one who is only concerned with dharma

Bahuvrīhi compound. Kevala-dharma (sole duty/righteousness) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kevala+dharma+ātman)

• kevala – sole, only, isolated, exclusive
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'vyajayat'.

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - The kingdom or territory to be ruled. (the earth, the ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

Root: pṛth (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vyajayat'.

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time, never (with 'na')

(indeclinable)

कश्चन (kaścana) - anyone, somebody

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścana

kaścana - anyone, someone, some (indefinite pronoun)

Formed from ka (interrogative pronoun) + ca + na.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler, earthly

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - belonging to the earth, earthly, a king, ruler

From pṛthivī (earth).

Note: Qualifies 'kevaladharmātmā' (or is in apposition to it, specifying it as a king).

व्यजयत् (vyajayat) - conquered, vanquished, won

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vijī

Imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice. From root jī (to conquer) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: The main verb for 'conquered the earth'.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the recipient of the advice. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'bhūtim'.

भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity, well-being, power

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūti

bhūti - prosperity, well-being, power, existence, welfare

From root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with the preceding 'na' to mean 'neither... nor...'.

पुनर् (punar) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'na' to mean 'nor again'.

श्रियम् (śriyam) - glory, splendor, fortune

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, splendor, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī

Root: śrī (class 1)