महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-43

तद्वाशु क्रियतां राजन्प्राप्तिर्वाप्यधिगम्यताम् ।
जीवितं ह्यातुरस्येव दुःखमन्तरवर्तिनः ॥४३॥

43. tadvāśu kriyatāṁ rājanprāptirvāpyadhigamyatām ,
jīvitaṁ hyāturasyeva duḥkhamantaravartinaḥ.

43. tat vā āśu kriyatām rājan prāptiḥ vā api adhigamyatām
jīvitam hi āturasya iva duḥkham antaravartinaḥ

43. O King, therefore, let that (goal) be swiftly accomplished, or let its attainment be secured. For the jīvita (life) of one caught in an indeterminate state is certainly sorrowful, just like that of a sick person.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore, that (goal) (that, therefore)

• वा (vā) - or

• आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be accomplished (let it be done, may it be performed)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (king)

• प्राप्तिः (prāptiḥ) - its attainment (attainment, acquisition, gain)

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

• अधिगम्यताम् (adhigamyatām) - let it be secured (let it be attained, let it be understood)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - the jīvita (life) (life, livelihood)

• हि (hi) - certainly (for, indeed, because)

• आतुरस्य (āturasya) - of a sick person (of a sick person, of an afflicted one)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrowful, full of suffering (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

• अन्तरवर्तिनः (antaravartinaḥ) - of one caught in an indeterminate state (of one who is in between, of one who is inside, undecided)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore, that (goal) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Refers to the goal implied in the previous verse.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be accomplished (let it be done, may it be performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Passive Imperative

From root kṛ (8th class), third person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied subject is 'tat' (that goal).

राजन् (rājan) - O King (king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्राप्तिः (prāptiḥ) - its attainment (attainment, acquisition, gain)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāpti

prāpti - attainment, acquisition, gain

From pra- + āp + ktin suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to the same 'attainment' from the previous verse.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation

Note: Emphasizes the alternative.

अधिगम्यताम् (adhigamyatām) - let it be secured (let it be attained, let it be understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of adhigam

Passive Imperative

From adhi- + gam (1st class), third person singular

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'prāptiḥ'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - the jīvita (life) (life, livelihood)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood, living

Past Passive Participle of jīv, used as a noun

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हि (hi) - certainly (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation

आतुरस्य (āturasya) - of a sick person (of a sick person, of an afflicted one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - sick, diseased, afflicted

From root at (to wander, to move) + ura, or from ā- + tur (to hasten)

Note: Modifies an implied 'man' or 'person'.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrowful, full of suffering (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Note: Predicate nominative to 'jīvitam'.

अन्तरवर्तिनः (antaravartinaḥ) - of one caught in an indeterminate state (of one who is in between, of one who is inside, undecided)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of antaravartin

antaravartin - being in the middle, being within, undecided

From antara + vartin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antara+vartin)

• antara – middle, internal, interval
  noun (neuter)
• vartin – being, existing, acting
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vṛt + ṇini suffix
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject, probably the King.