महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-4

गोमायुनेव सिंहानां दुर्बलेन बलीयसाम् ।
आमिषं विघसाशेन तद्वद्राज्यं हि नो हृतम् ॥४॥

4. gomāyuneva siṁhānāṁ durbalena balīyasām ,
āmiṣaṁ vighasāśena tadvadrājyaṁ hi no hṛtam.

4. gomāyunā iva siṃhānām durbalena balīyasām
āmiṣam vighasāśena tadvat rājyam hi naḥ hṛtam

4. Indeed, just as a weak jackal, a scavenger, snatches prey from mighty lions, so too was our kingdom taken from us.

Words meanings summery:

• गोमायुना (gomāyunā) - by a jackal, by a fox

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• सिंहानाम् (siṁhānām) - from mighty lions (of lions)

• दुर्बलेन (durbalena) - by the weak jackal (referring to Duryodhana) (by a weak one, by the weak)

• बलीयसाम् (balīyasām) - of the powerful lions (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (of the stronger, of the powerful)

• आमिषम् (āmiṣam) - prey, flesh, food

• विघसाशेन (vighasāśena) - by the jackal (Duryodhana), acting as a scavenger (by one who eats leavings/scraps, by a scavenger)

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - in that way, similarly, thus

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, kingship

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, because, for)

• नः (naḥ) - from us (us, to us, our)

• हृतम् (hṛtam) - was stolen/taken away (stolen, carried away, seized, taken)

Words meanings and morphology

गोमायुना (gomāyunā) - by a jackal, by a fox

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gomāyu

gomāyu - jackal, fox

Note: Agent in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

सिंहानाम् (siṁhānām) - from mighty lions (of lions)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Genitive case used here to indicate source or separation (from whom something is taken).

दुर्बलेन (durbalena) - by the weak jackal (referring to Duryodhana) (by a weak one, by the weak)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Compound: dur + bala

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'gomāyunā'.

बलीयसाम् (balīyasām) - of the powerful lions (referring to the Pāṇḍavas) (of the stronger, of the powerful)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, very powerful (comparative degree)

Comparative degree of 'balin' (strong)

Note: Qualifies 'siṃhānām'.

आमिषम् (āmiṣam) - prey, flesh, food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āmiṣa

āmiṣa - flesh, prey, food

Note: Object of the implied action of snatching/taking by the jackal.

विघसाशेन (vighasāśena) - by the jackal (Duryodhana), acting as a scavenger (by one who eats leavings/scraps, by a scavenger)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - one who eats leavings/scraps, a scavenger

Compound: vighasa + āśin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of a meal, leavings, scraps
  noun (neuter)
• āśin – eater, one who eats
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from √aś 'to eat'
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'gomāyunā'.

तद्वत् (tadvat) - in that way, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison, linking to the previous simile.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, kingship

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, kingship, state

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'hṛtam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - from us (us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

हृतम् (hṛtam) - was stolen/taken away (stolen, carried away, seized, taken)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛta

hṛta - stolen, carried away, seized, taken

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb in this passive construction.