महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-53

प्रजापालनसंभूतं फलं तव न गर्हितम् ।
एष ते विहितो राजन्धात्रा धर्मः सनातनः ॥५३॥

53. prajāpālanasaṁbhūtaṁ phalaṁ tava na garhitam ,
eṣa te vihito rājandhātrā dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.

53. prajāpālanasaṃbhūtam phalam tava na garhitam
eṣaḥ te vihitaḥ rājan dhātrā dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

53. The outcome arising from protecting your subjects is not to be censured. This eternal natural law (dharma) has been ordained for you by the Creator, O King.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रजापालनसंभूतम् (prajāpālanasaṁbhūtam) - born from protecting subjects, arisen from nurturing people

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, outcome

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• न (na) - not, no

• गर्हितम् (garhitam) - censured, condemned, blamed

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• ते (te) - for you, to you

• विहितः (vihitaḥ) - ordained, prescribed, enjoined, appointed

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the recipient of the advice. (O king)

• धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator, by the Sustainer

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Here, refers to the king's duty or the inherent constitution of kingship. (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, ancient, everlasting

Words meanings and morphology

प्रजापालनसंभूतम् (prajāpālanasaṁbhūtam) - born from protecting subjects, arisen from nurturing people

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prajāpālanasaṃbhūta

prajāpālanasaṁbhūta - born from protecting subjects, arisen from nurturing people

Past Passive Participle

Compound: prajāpālana (noun) + saṃbhūta (ppp of sam-bhū). Saṃbhūta: 'born together', 'arisen'. Here: 'arisen from'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prajā+pālana+saṃbhūta)

• prajā – progeny, subjects, people
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-jan (to be born).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pālana – protecting, guarding, fostering, ruling
  noun (neuter)
  From root pāl (to protect).
  Root: pāl (class 10)
• saṃbhūta – born, produced, arisen, happened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'phalam'.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, outcome

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, outcome, reward

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गर्हितम् (garhitam) - censured, condemned, blamed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of garhita

garhita - censured, blamed, reproached

Past Passive Participle

From root garh (to blame).

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'phalam'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

ते (te) - for you, to you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Here, dative (for you).

विहितः (vihitaḥ) - ordained, prescribed, enjoined, appointed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - prescribed, ordained, enjoined, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the recipient of the advice. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator, by the Sustainer

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, establisher, sustainer; one of the Adityas; Brahmā

Agent noun from root dhā (to place, create, sustain).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agent of 'vihitaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Here, refers to the king's duty or the inherent constitution of kingship. (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, justice, virtue, religious merit, intrinsic nature (dharma)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, ancient, everlasting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, everlasting

From sanā (always, eternally) + tana (suffix).

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.