महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-22

सर्वथा धर्मनित्यं तु पुरुषं धर्मदुर्बलम् ।
जहतस्तात धर्मार्थौ प्रेतं दुःखसुखे यथा ॥२२॥

22. sarvathā dharmanityaṁ tu puruṣaṁ dharmadurbalam ,
jahatastāta dharmārthau pretaṁ duḥkhasukhe yathā.

22. sarvathā dharma-nityam tu puruṣam dharma-durbalam
jahataḥ tāta dharma-arthau pretam duḥkha-sukhe yathā

22. O dear one, just as sorrows and joys completely abandon a dead body, so too do the pursuits of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha) abandon a person who, though constantly observing (dharma), is weak in his grasp of it (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, always, completely

• धर्म-नित्यम् (dharma-nityam) - constantly devoted to dharma, always observing dharma

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person, cosmic being (puruṣa)

• धर्म-दुर्बलम् (dharma-durbalam) - weak in dharma, unrighteous

• जहतः (jahataḥ) - abandoning, forsaking (dual)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, father

• धर्म-अर्थौ (dharma-arthau) - dharma and artha (the two aims of life)

• प्रेतम् (pretam) - dead body, departed spirit

• दुःख-सुखे (duḥkha-sukhe) - sorrows and joys

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, always, completely

(indeclinable)

From `sarva` + `thā` (manner suffix).

धर्म-नित्यम् (dharma-nityam) - constantly devoted to dharma, always observing dharma

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmanitya

dharmanitya - constantly devoted to natural law, perpetually observing duty

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+nitya)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal, always
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `puruṣam`.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person, cosmic being (puruṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being, cosmic person

धर्म-दुर्बलम् (dharma-durbalam) - weak in dharma, unrighteous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmadurbala

dharmadurbala - weak in natural law, deficient in duty, unrighteous

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+durbala)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• durbala – weak, feeble, powerless
  adjective (masculine)
  From `dur` (bad, difficult) + `bala` (strength).

Note: Agrees with `puruṣam`.

जहतः (jahataḥ) - abandoning, forsaking (dual)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jahat

jahat - abandoning, forsaking, leaving

Present active participle

From root √hā (to abandon, leave) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `dharma-arthau`.

तात (tāta) - O dear one, father

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of address)

धर्म-अर्थौ (dharma-arthau) - dharma and artha (the two aims of life)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - dharma and artha (duty/righteousness and prosperity/wealth)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

प्रेतम् (pretam) - dead body, departed spirit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of preta

preta - departed, deceased, a ghost, dead body

Past Passive Participle

From pra- √i (to go forth, depart) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

दुःख-सुखे (duḥkha-sukhe) - sorrows and joys

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of duḥkhasukha

duḥkhasukha - sorrow and joy, pain and pleasure

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (duḥkha+sukha)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• sukha – joy, happiness, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)