महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-22

सर्वथा धर्मनित्यं तु पुरुषं धर्मदुर्बलम् ।
जहतस्तात धर्मार्थौ प्रेतं दुःखसुखे यथा ॥२२॥

22. sarvathā dharmanityaṁ tu puruṣaṁ dharmadurbalam ,
jahatastāta dharmārthau pretaṁ duḥkhasukhe yathā.

22. sarvathā dharma-nityam tu puruṣam dharma-durbalam
jahataḥ tāta dharma-arthau pretam duḥkha-sukhe yathā

22. O dear one, just as sorrows and joys completely abandon a dead body, so too do the pursuits of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha) abandon a person who, though constantly observing (dharma), is weak in his grasp of it (dharma).

22. הו יקירי, אדם שתמיד נאחז ביושר ונחלש בגללו, גם היושר וגם העושר נוטשים אותו, כשם שכאב ותענוג נוטשים מת.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, always, completely

• धर्म-नित्यम् (dharma-nityam) - constantly devoted to dharma, always observing dharma

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person, cosmic being (puruṣa)

• धर्म-दुर्बलम् (dharma-durbalam) - weak in dharma, unrighteous

• जहतः (jahataḥ) - abandoning, forsaking (dual)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, father

• धर्म-अर्थौ (dharma-arthau) - dharma and artha (the two aims of life)

• प्रेतम् (pretam) - dead body, departed spirit

• दुःख-सुखे (duḥkha-sukhe) - sorrows and joys

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, always, completely

(indeclinable)

From `sarva` + `thā` (manner suffix).

धर्म-नित्यम् (dharma-nityam) - constantly devoted to dharma, always observing dharma

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmanitya

dharmanitya - constantly devoted to natural law, perpetually observing duty

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+nitya)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal, always
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `puruṣam`.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person, cosmic being (puruṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being, cosmic person

धर्म-दुर्बलम् (dharma-durbalam) - weak in dharma, unrighteous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmadurbala

dharmadurbala - weak in natural law, deficient in duty, unrighteous

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+durbala)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• durbala – weak, feeble, powerless
  adjective (masculine)
  From `dur` (bad, difficult) + `bala` (strength).

Note: Agrees with `puruṣam`.

जहतः (jahataḥ) - abandoning, forsaking (dual)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jahat

jahat - abandoning, forsaking, leaving

Present active participle

From root √hā (to abandon, leave) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `dharma-arthau`.

तात (tāta) - O dear one, father

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of address)

धर्म-अर्थौ (dharma-arthau) - dharma and artha (the two aims of life)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - dharma and artha (duty/righteousness and prosperity/wealth)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support, bear) + -man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

प्रेतम् (pretam) - dead body, departed spirit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of preta

preta - departed, deceased, a ghost, dead body

Past Passive Participle

From pra- √i (to go forth, depart) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

दुःख-सुखे (duḥkha-sukhe) - sorrows and joys

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of duḥkhasukha

duḥkhasukha - sorrow and joy, pain and pleasure

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (duḥkha+sukha)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• sukha – joy, happiness, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

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