महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-52

अनुबुध्यस्व राजेन्द्र वेत्थ धर्मान्सनातनान् ।
क्रूरकर्माभिजातोऽसि यस्मादुद्विजते जनः ॥५२॥

52. anubudhyasva rājendra vettha dharmānsanātanān ,
krūrakarmābhijāto'si yasmādudvijate janaḥ.

52. anubudhyasva rājendra vettha dharmān sanātanān
| krūrakarmā abhijātaḥ asi yasmāt udvijate janaḥ

52. O king of kings, understand and indeed know the eternal natural laws (dharma). You are born to perform fierce actions, due to which people shrink back.

52. התבונן, הו מלכי המלכים, הרי אתה מכיר את חוקות היושר הנצחיות. נולדת לדרך של מעשים קשים, ולכן אנשים נרתעים ממך.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुबुध्यस्व (anubudhyasva) - understand, comprehend, realize

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O chief of kings, O king of kings

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - natural laws (dharma), duties, righteousnesses

• सनातनान् (sanātanān) - eternal, everlasting, ancient

• क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - whose actions are fierce/cruel, having fierce/cruel deeds

• अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born (with a particular nature) (born, well-born, noble, descended from)

• असि (asi) - you are

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which, due to which (from whom, from which, because of which, whereby)

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - trembles, shrinks from, is agitated, is afraid

• जनः (janaḥ) - people, folk, person

Words meanings and morphology

अनुबुध्यस्व (anubudhyasva) - understand, comprehend, realize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of anu-budh

Imperative middle

Root budh belongs to class 4 (divādi) with the prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Addressed to the listener.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O chief of kings, O king of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings, sovereign

Compound of rājan (king) and indra (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Perfect active (used with present meaning)

Irregular perfect form from root vid, class 2 (adādi).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Co-verb with 'anubudhyasva'.

धर्मान् (dharmān) - natural laws (dharma), duties, righteousnesses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law (dharma)

From the root dhṛ (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सनातनान् (sanātanān) - eternal, everlasting, ancient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, ancient

From sanā (always) with the suffix tana.

क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - whose actions are fierce/cruel, having fierce/cruel deeds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - having cruel actions, whose deeds are fierce/terrible

Bahuvrihi compound of krūra (fierce/cruel) and karman (action/deed).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – fierce, cruel, terrible, harsh
  adjective (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From the root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'asi'.

अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born (with a particular nature) (born, well-born, noble, descended from)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhijāta

abhijāta - born, produced, well-born, noble, of noble family

Past Passive Participle

From the root jan (to be born) with the prefix abhi (towards, upon).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the origin or intrinsic nature.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active

Root as belongs to class 2 (adādi).

Root: as (class 2)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which, due to which (from whom, from which, because of which, whereby)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects the cause (his nature) to the effect (people trembling).

उद्विजते (udvijate) - trembles, shrinks from, is agitated, is afraid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ud-vij

Present middle

Root vij belongs to class 6 (tudādi) or 3 (juhotyādi) with the prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Verb for 'janaḥ'.

जनः (janaḥ) - people, folk, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - man, person, people, folk

From the root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

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