महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-34, verse-52

अनुबुध्यस्व राजेन्द्र वेत्थ धर्मान्सनातनान् ।
क्रूरकर्माभिजातोऽसि यस्मादुद्विजते जनः ॥५२॥

52. anubudhyasva rājendra vettha dharmānsanātanān ,
krūrakarmābhijāto'si yasmādudvijate janaḥ.

52. anubudhyasva rājendra vettha dharmān sanātanān
| krūrakarmā abhijātaḥ asi yasmāt udvijate janaḥ

52. O king of kings, understand and indeed know the eternal natural laws (dharma). You are born to perform fierce actions, due to which people shrink back.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुबुध्यस्व (anubudhyasva) - understand, comprehend, realize

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O chief of kings, O king of kings

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - natural laws (dharma), duties, righteousnesses

• सनातनान् (sanātanān) - eternal, everlasting, ancient

• क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - whose actions are fierce/cruel, having fierce/cruel deeds

• अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born (with a particular nature) (born, well-born, noble, descended from)

• असि (asi) - you are

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which, due to which (from whom, from which, because of which, whereby)

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - trembles, shrinks from, is agitated, is afraid

• जनः (janaḥ) - people, folk, person

Words meanings and morphology

अनुबुध्यस्व (anubudhyasva) - understand, comprehend, realize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of anu-budh

Imperative middle

Root budh belongs to class 4 (divādi) with the prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Addressed to the listener.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O chief of kings, O king of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings, sovereign

Compound of rājan (king) and indra (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Perfect active (used with present meaning)

Irregular perfect form from root vid, class 2 (adādi).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Co-verb with 'anubudhyasva'.

धर्मान् (dharmān) - natural laws (dharma), duties, righteousnesses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law (dharma)

From the root dhṛ (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सनातनान् (sanātanān) - eternal, everlasting, ancient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, ancient

From sanā (always) with the suffix tana.

क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - whose actions are fierce/cruel, having fierce/cruel deeds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - having cruel actions, whose deeds are fierce/terrible

Bahuvrihi compound of krūra (fierce/cruel) and karman (action/deed).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – fierce, cruel, terrible, harsh
  adjective (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From the root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'asi'.

अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born (with a particular nature) (born, well-born, noble, descended from)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhijāta

abhijāta - born, produced, well-born, noble, of noble family

Past Passive Participle

From the root jan (to be born) with the prefix abhi (towards, upon).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the origin or intrinsic nature.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active

Root as belongs to class 2 (adādi).

Root: as (class 2)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which, due to which (from whom, from which, because of which, whereby)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects the cause (his nature) to the effect (people trembling).

उद्विजते (udvijate) - trembles, shrinks from, is agitated, is afraid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ud-vij

Present middle

Root vij belongs to class 6 (tudādi) or 3 (juhotyādi) with the prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Verb for 'janaḥ'.

जनः (janaḥ) - people, folk, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - man, person, people, folk

From the root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)