महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-9

आहूतो हि परै राजा क्षात्रधर्ममनुस्मरन् ।
दीव्यते परकामेन तन्नः कीर्तिकरं महत् ॥९॥

9. āhūto hi parai rājā kṣātradharmamanusmaran ,
dīvyate parakāmena tannaḥ kīrtikaraṁ mahat.

9. āhūtaḥ hi paraiḥ rājā kṣātradhamam anusmaran
dīvyate parakāmena tat naḥ kīrtikaram mahat

9. For a king, when challenged by enemies and remembering his warrior's duty (kṣātram dharma), plays at the opponent's will; that is a great source of glory for us.

Words meanings summery:

• आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - challenged (to a game of dice) (called, invited, challenged)

• हि (hi) - for (for, indeed, because)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by enemies, by others)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (Yudhishthira) (king)

• क्षात्रधमम् (kṣātradhamam) - his warrior's duty (kṣātram dharma) (warrior's duty/natural law)

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

• दीव्यते (dīvyate) - plays (dice) (plays (dice), gambles)

• परकामेन (parakāmena) - at the opponent's will (by the desire of others, at the will of enemies)

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, this)

• नः (naḥ) - for us (our, to us)

• कीर्तिकरम् (kīrtikaram) - a source of glory (causing fame, glorious)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large)

Words meanings and morphology

आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - challenged (to a game of dice) (called, invited, challenged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūta

āhūta - called, invited, challenged

Past Passive Participle

Root hve (to call) with prefix ā + kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Participle, forming a nominative absolute construction with rājā.

हि (hi) - for (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by enemies, by others)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme

Note: Agent of the passive participle āhūtaḥ.

राजा (rājā) - a king (Yudhishthira) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of dīvyate.

क्षात्रधमम् (kṣātradhamam) - his warrior's duty (kṣātram dharma) (warrior's duty/natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣātradharma

kṣātradharma - duty of a kshatriya (warrior/ruler), warrior's natural law

Compound of kṣātra (relating to kshatriyas) and dharma.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣātra+dharma)

• kṣātra – relating to kshatriyas, warrior-like
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from kṣatra (rule, dominion, warrior class).
  Root: kṣi
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of anusmaran.

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarant

smṛ - to remember, recollect

Present Active Participle

Root smṛ (to remember) with prefix anu + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies rājā.

दीव्यते (dīvyate) - plays (dice) (plays (dice), gambles)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dīv

Present middle

Root dīv.

Root: dīv (class 4)

Note: Subject is rājā.

परकामेन (parakāmena) - at the opponent's will (by the desire of others, at the will of enemies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parakāma

parakāma - the desire of another, another's wish

Compound of para (other/enemy) and kāma (desire/will).

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+kāma)

• para – other, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, will
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

नः (naḥ) - for us (our, to us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Enclitic form of 1st person plural pronoun.

Note: Possessive or dative of interest.

कीर्तिकरम् (kīrtikaram) - a source of glory (causing fame, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kīrtikara

kīrtikara - causing fame, conferring glory, glorious

Compound of kīrti (fame) and kara (making/causing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kīrti+kara)

• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)
  From root kīrt (to mention, praise).
  Root: kīrt (class 10)
• kara – making, causing, doer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + ac suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahant

mahant - great, large, important, mighty

Present participle of root mah (to be great), used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kīrtikaram and tat.