महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-76

समक्षदर्शनात्साक्ष्यं श्रवणाच्चेति धारणात् ।
तस्मात्सत्यं ब्रुवन्साक्षी धर्मार्थाभ्यां न हीयते ॥७६॥

76. samakṣadarśanātsākṣyaṁ śravaṇācceti dhāraṇāt ,
tasmātsatyaṁ bruvansākṣī dharmārthābhyāṁ na hīyate.

76. samakṣa darśanāt sākṣyam śravaṇāt ca iti dhāraṇāt
tasmāt satyam bruvan sākṣī dharmārthābhyām na hīyate

76. Witnessing (sākṣya) is based on seeing directly and also on hearing and remembering. Therefore, a witness (sākṣin) speaking the truth does not forfeit (dharma) or material gain (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• समक्ष (samakṣa) - before the eyes, in presence

• दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from seeing, from observation

• साक्ष्यम् (sākṣyam) - testimony, evidence, witness

• श्रवणात् (śravaṇāt) - from hearing

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - thus, so, denoting quotation

• धारणात् (dhāraṇāt) - from holding, from remembering, from retaining

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

• साक्षी (sākṣī) - a witness

• धर्मार्थाभ्याम् (dharmārthābhyām) - from (his) righteousness (dharma) and material gain (artha)

• न (na) - not

• हीयते (hīyate) - he is abandoned, he is forsaken, he is deprived

Words meanings and morphology

समक्ष (samakṣa) - before the eyes, in presence

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sama+akṣa)

• sama – with, together, same
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, sense organ, axis
  noun (neuter)

दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from seeing, from observation

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, viewing, showing, doctrine, philosophy

action noun

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

साक्ष्यम् (sākṣyam) - testimony, evidence, witness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sākṣya

sākṣya - testimony, evidence, what is seen, being a witness

Gerundive/Nomen Agentis

Derived from 'sākṣin' (witness).

श्रवणात् (śravaṇāt) - from hearing

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śravaṇa

śravaṇa - hearing, listening, ear

action noun

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so, denoting quotation

(indeclinable)

धारणात् (dhāraṇāt) - from holding, from remembering, from retaining

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhāraṇa

dhāraṇa - holding, bearing, remembering, retaining

action noun

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present active participle

Derived from root 'brū' (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

साक्षी (sākṣī) - a witness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sākṣin

sākṣin - witness, observer

धर्मार्थाभ्याम् (dharmārthābhyām) - from (his) righteousness (dharma) and material gain (artha)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, dual of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - dharma and artha (material prosperity), righteousness and wealth

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हीयते (hīyate) - he is abandoned, he is forsaken, he is deprived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of hā

Present middle 3rd singular

Passive form of root 'hā' (to leave, abandon, lose).

Root: hā (class 3)