महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-54

धर्मप्रश्नमथो ब्रूयादार्तः सभ्येषु मानवः ।
विब्रूयुस्तत्र ते प्रश्नं कामक्रोधवशातिगाः ॥५४॥

54. dharmapraśnamatho brūyādārtaḥ sabhyeṣu mānavaḥ ,
vibrūyustatra te praśnaṁ kāmakrodhavaśātigāḥ.

54. dharma-praśnam atha u brūyāt ārtaḥ sabhyeṣu mānavaḥ
vi-brūyuḥ tatra te praśnam kāma-krodha-vaśa-atigāḥ

54. A distressed person should then present a question concerning natural law (dharma) before the members of the assembly. There, those (judges) who are free from the sway of desire and anger should explain the answer to that question.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्म-प्रश्नम् (dharma-praśnam) - a question about natural law

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, should state, should ask

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• सभ्येषु (sabhyeṣu) - among the members of the assembly, among the judges

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being, a man

• वि-ब्रूयुः (vi-brūyuḥ) - they should explain, they should declare

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

• ते (te) - those (judges) (they, those)

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - the question

• काम-क्रोध-वश-अतिगाः (kāma-krodha-vaśa-atigāḥ) - those who have transcended the influence of desire and anger

Words meanings and morphology

धर्म-प्रश्नम् (dharma-praśnam) - a question about natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma-praśna

dharma-praśna - a question of natural law (dharma), a legal question, a question of duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+praśna)

• dharma – natural law, duty, constitution, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• praśna – question, inquiry
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root `prach` with `na` suffix
  Root: prach (class 6)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उ (u) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, should state, should ask

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular optative active

Root: brū (class 2)

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, pained, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `ṛ` (to go, to move) with prefix `ā` and `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

सभ्येषु (sabhyeṣu) - among the members of the assembly, among the judges

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sabhya

sabhya - member of an assembly, judge, respectable person

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being, a man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - a human being, descendant of Manu, man

वि-ब्रूयुः (vi-brūyuḥ) - they should explain, they should declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vi-brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person plural optative active

Prefix: vi

Root: brū (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (judges) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine nominative plural of `tad`.

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - the question

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

Root: prach (class 6)

काम-क्रोध-वश-अतिगाः (kāma-krodha-vaśa-atigāḥ) - those who have transcended the influence of desire and anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāma-krodha-vaśa-atiga

kāma-krodha-vaśa-atiga - one who has gone beyond the sway of desire and anger

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kāma+krodha+vaśa+atiga)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• vaśa – control, sway, power, influence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)
• atiga – going beyond, transcending, passing over
  adjective (masculine)
  from `ati` (beyond) + `ga` (goer, from root `gam`).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `te` (they, i.e., the judges).