महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-57

यः पुनर्वितथं ब्रूयाद्धर्मदर्शी सभां गतः ।
अनृतस्य फलं कृत्स्नं संप्राप्नोतीति निश्चयः ॥५७॥

57. yaḥ punarvitathaṁ brūyāddharmadarśī sabhāṁ gataḥ ,
anṛtasya phalaṁ kṛtsnaṁ saṁprāpnotīti niścayaḥ.

57. yaḥ punar vitatham brūyāt dharma-darśī sabhām gataḥ
anṛtasya phalam kṛtsnam sam-prāpnoti iti niścayaḥ

57. On the other hand, whoever, having attended an assembly as one who discerns natural law (dharma), declares a falsehood, that person obtains the entire consequence of untruth. This is a definite conclusion.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• पुनर् (punar) - again, on the other hand, however

• वितथम् (vitatham) - false, untrue, fruitless

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, should state, should declare

• धर्म-दर्शी (dharma-darśī) - one who discerns natural law (dharma)

• सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, having gone, present

• अनृतस्य (anṛtasya) - of untruth, of falsehood

• फलम् (phalam) - the fruit, result

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, complete

• सम्-प्राप्नोति (sam-prāpnoti) - obtains, attains

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, firm conviction, definite conclusion

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of `yad`.

पुनर् (punar) - again, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

वितथम् (vitatham) - false, untrue, fruitless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vitatha

vitatha - false, untrue, vain, fruitless, ineffectual

`vi` (prefix for negation/privation) + `tatha` (so, true).

Note: Accusative singular, acting as an adverb or direct object of "brūyāt".

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should speak, should state, should declare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular optative active

Root: brū (class 2)

धर्म-दर्शी (dharma-darśī) - one who discerns natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-darśin

dharma-darśin - one who sees/discerns (dharma), an observer of (dharma), a judge

Agent Noun / Agentive adjective

Derived from `dharma` and root `dṛś` (to see/discern). The `in` suffix indicates agent.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+darśin)

• dharma – natural law, duty, constitution, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• darśin – seeing, discerning, one who sees
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / adjective
  From root `dṛś` with suffix `in`.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court

Note: Indicates direction/destination.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, having gone, present

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, present

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go) with `kta` suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

अनृतस्य (anṛtasya) - of untruth, of falsehood

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, false

Negative prefix `an` + `ṛta` (truth).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+ṛta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle of `ṛ` (to go, to move), meaning "that which has gone rightly."
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

फलम् (phalam) - the fruit, result

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Root: phal (class 1)

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - all, whole, entire, complete

Note: Qualifies `phalam`.

सम्-प्राप्नोति (sam-prāpnoti) - obtains, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sam-pra-āp

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular present active

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Forms sandhi with `iti` to `sam-prāpnotīti`.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, firm conviction, definite conclusion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, firm resolution, conviction, definite conclusion

From root `ci` (to collect, observe) with prefixes `ni` and `śca` (or `niḥ-ci`).

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: This is the predicate of the implied sentence "This is the certainty."