महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-21

एतेषु हि नरः सक्तो धर्ममुत्सृज्य वर्तते ।
तथायुक्तेन च कृतां क्रियां लोको न मन्यते ॥२१॥

21. eteṣu hi naraḥ sakto dharmamutsṛjya vartate ,
tathāyuktena ca kṛtāṁ kriyāṁ loko na manyate.

21. eteṣu hi naraḥ saktaḥ dharmam utsṛjya vartate
tathā āyuktena ca kṛtām kriyām lokaḥ na manyate

21. Indeed, a man (naraḥ) who is addicted (saktaḥ) to these (vices), abandoning his natural law (dharma), conducts himself accordingly. And the world (lokaḥ) does not approve of an action (karma) performed by one thus engaged.

Words meanings summery:

• एतेषु (eteṣu) - In these four vices mentioned in the previous verse. (in these, among these)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizing the consequence of addiction. (indeed, for, surely)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• सक्तः (saktaḥ) - Addicted to the aforementioned vices. (attached, addicted, devoted)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - His specific duty as a ruler or a person, or the universal natural law (dharma). (duty, righteousness, (natural law), moral law)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - Having given up his sense of duty or proper conduct. (having abandoned, having given up, having renounced)

• वर्तते (vartate) - Conducts oneself, lives, acts. (behaves, exists, proceeds, turns)

• तथा (tathā) - Refers to the manner of being "engaged" or "yoked" to the vices. (thus, so, in that manner)

• आयुक्तेन (āyuktena) - By a person who is involved in (the vices), or linked to them. (by one who is engaged, connected, yoked)

• च (ca) - and

• कृताम् (kṛtām) - Refers to an action that has been done. (performed, done, made)

• क्रियाम् (kriyām) - A specific act or deed. (action, deed, work, (karma))

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - Society, public opinion. (the world, people, mankind)

• न (na) - Negates the verb 'manyate'. (not, no)

• मन्यते (manyate) - Does not approve of, does not regard as proper. (thinks, believes, considers, approves)

Words meanings and morphology

एतेषु (eteṣu) - In these four vices mentioned in the previous verse. (in these, among these)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine/neuter locative plural.

हि (hi) - Emphasizing the consequence of addiction. (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of 'vartate'.

सक्तः (saktaḥ) - Addicted to the aforementioned vices. (attached, addicted, devoted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakta

sakta - attached, devoted, addicted, clinging to, capable of

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sañj' (to cling, to attach).

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively with 'naraḥ'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - His specific duty as a ruler or a person, or the universal natural law (dharma). (duty, righteousness, (natural law), moral law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, justice, virtue, religious merit, nature (dharma)

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - Having given up his sense of duty or proper conduct. (having abandoned, having given up, having renounced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'sṛj' with prefix 'ut' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Indicates an action prior to 'vartate'.

वर्तते (vartate) - Conducts oneself, lives, acts. (behaves, exists, proceeds, turns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present tense

Third person singular, present middle voice.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - Refers to the manner of being "engaged" or "yoked" to the vices. (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Adverbial prefix to 'āyuktena'.

आयुक्तेन (āyuktena) - By a person who is involved in (the vices), or linked to them. (by one who is engaged, connected, yoked)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of āyukta

āyukta - engaged, yoked, connected, joined, attentive, diligent, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the 'naraḥ' mentioned earlier.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कृताम् (kṛtām) - Refers to an action that has been done. (performed, done, made)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'kriyām'.

क्रियाम् (kriyām) - A specific act or deed. (action, deed, work, (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kriyā

kriyā - action, deed, act, work, ritual, (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ

Note: Object of 'manyate'.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - Society, public opinion. (the world, people, mankind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, mankind, region

From root 'lok' (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'manyate'.

न (na) - Negates the verb 'manyate'. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

मन्यते (manyate) - Does not approve of, does not regard as proper. (thinks, believes, considers, approves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present tense

Third person singular, present middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The middle voice (ātmanepada) form.