महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-7

अर्जुन उवाच ।
न पुरा भीमसेन त्वमीदृशीर्वदिता गिरः ।
परैस्ते नाशितं नूनं नृशंसैर्धर्मगौरवम् ॥७॥

7. arjuna uvāca ,
na purā bhīmasena tvamīdṛśīrvaditā giraḥ ,
paraiste nāśitaṁ nūnaṁ nṛśaṁsairdharmagauravam.

7. arjuna uvāca na purā bhīmasena tvam īdṛśīḥ vaditāḥ
giraḥ paraiḥ te nāśitam nūnam nṛśaṃsaiḥ dharmagauravam

7. Arjuna said: 'O Bhimasena, you have never spoken such words before. Surely, your esteem for what is right (dharma) has been destroyed by these cruel enemies.'

7. אַרְג׳וּנַה אמר, הו בְּהִימַסֵנַה, מעולם לא אמרת דברים כאלה בעבר. ודאי האויבים האכזריים הרסו בך את הכבוד לדרך היושר.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (the speaker) (Arjuna (name of a Pandava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पुरा (purā) - before (formerly, previously, before)

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - O Bhimasena (addressed to Bhima) (O Bhimasena)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• ईदृशीः (īdṛśīḥ) - such (words) (such, of this kind)

• वदिताः (vaditāḥ) - spoken (by you) (spoken)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - words (words, speeches)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by the enemies (by enemies, by others)

• ते (te) - your (your, by you)

• नाशितम् (nāśitam) - has been destroyed (destroyed, ruined)

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely (surely, certainly, indeed)

• नृशंसैः (nṛśaṁsaiḥ) - by the cruel enemies (by cruel ones, by wicked people)

• धर्मगौरवम् (dharmagauravam) - esteem for what is right (dharma) (regard for dharma, respect for righteousness)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (the speaker) (Arjuna (name of a Pandava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna, white, silver

Root: ṛj

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Strong form of vac (to speak), perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

पुरा (purā) - before (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - O Bhimasena (addressed to Bhima) (O Bhimasena)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (name of the second Pandava)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

ईदृशीः (īdṛśīḥ) - such (words) (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind

Note: Adjective modifying giraḥ.

वदिताः (vaditāḥ) - spoken (by you) (spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vadita

vadita - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vad (to speak) + kta suffix.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: As a PPP, it can function as a predicate or adjective. Here, "words were spoken (by you)".

गिरः (giraḥ) - words (words, speeches)

(noun)

feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, speech, voice

Root: gṛ

Note: Here, accusative plural, object of vaditāḥ (words that were spoken).

परैः (paraiḥ) - by the enemies (by enemies, by others)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme

Note: Agent of the passive verb nāśitam.

ते (te) - your (your, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive, modifying dharmagauravam.

नाशितम् (nāśitam) - has been destroyed (destroyed, ruined)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāśita

nāśita - destroyed, ruined, caused to perish

Past Passive Participle

Causative stem nāśaya of root naś (to perish) + kta suffix.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with dharmagauravam.

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely (surely, certainly, indeed)

(indeclinable)

नृशंसैः (nṛśaṁsaiḥ) - by the cruel enemies (by cruel ones, by wicked people)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, inhuman

nṛ (man) + śaṃsa (evil speech/curse), implying 'injurious to men'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+śaṃsa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śaṃsa – praising, speaking, evil speech
  noun (masculine)
  From root śaṃs (to praise, speak, curse).
  Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with paraiḥ.

धर्मगौरवम् (dharmagauravam) - esteem for what is right (dharma) (regard for dharma, respect for righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmagaurava

dharmagaurava - respect for dharma, glory of dharma, dignity of dharma

Compound of dharma and gaurava.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+gaurava)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• gaurava – weight, importance, dignity, respect, reverence
  noun (neuter)
  From guru (heavy, venerable).

Note: Subject of the passive nāśitam.

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