महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-52

विदुर उवाच ।
द्रौपदी प्रश्नमुक्त्वैवं रोरवीति ह्यनाथवत् ।
न च विब्रूत तं प्रश्नं सभ्या धर्मोऽत्र पीड्यते ॥५२॥

52. vidura uvāca ,
draupadī praśnamuktvaivaṁ roravīti hyanāthavat ,
na ca vibrūta taṁ praśnaṁ sabhyā dharmo'tra pīḍyate.

52. viduraḥ uvāca draupadī praśnam uktvā evam roravīti hi anāthavat
na ca vibrūta tam praśnam sabhyāḥ dharmaḥ atra pīḍyate

52. Vidura said: Draupadī, having posed the question in this manner, cries out as if she were without a protector. Yet you, O members of the assembly, do not answer that question; indeed, (dharma) natural law is being violated here.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadī

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• रोरवीति (roravīti) - she cries out loudly, laments repeatedly

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like one without a protector, like an orphan

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• विब्रूत (vibrūta) - you (plural) speak, you answer

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

• सभ्याः (sabhyāḥ) - O assembly members, O councilors

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (dharma) natural law, righteousness, duty

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• पीड्यते (pīḍyate) - is oppressed, is afflicted, is violated

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise minister in the Mahābhārata, half-brother to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadī

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadī (name of the wife of the Pāṇḍavas)

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, problem

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √vac ('to speak') plus the suffix '-tvā' for the absolutive form.

Root: √vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

रोरवीति (roravīti) - she cries out loudly, laments repeatedly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of roravī

Intensive verb

Intensive (yaṅlugant) form of √ru ('to cry, roar').

Root: √ru (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like one without a protector, like an orphan

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix '-vat' added to 'anātha' (without a master/protector). 'anātha' is a Bahuvrīhi compound (na + nātha).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विब्रूत (vibrūta) - you (plural) speak, you answer

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Prefix: vi

Root: √brū (class 2)

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, problem

सभ्याः (sabhyāḥ) - O assembly members, O councilors

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of sabhya

sabhya - assembly member, a member of an assembly/council, courtier

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (dharma) natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - (dharma) natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, essential nature

Root: √dhṛ

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

पीड्यते (pīḍyate) - is oppressed, is afflicted, is violated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of pīḍ

Root: √pīḍ (class 10)