महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-31

कथं ह्यविजितां कृष्णां मन्यसे धृतराष्ट्रज ।
यदा सभायां सर्वस्वं न्यस्तवान्पाण्डवाग्रजः ॥३१॥

31. kathaṁ hyavijitāṁ kṛṣṇāṁ manyase dhṛtarāṣṭraja ,
yadā sabhāyāṁ sarvasvaṁ nyastavānpāṇḍavāgrajaḥ.

31. katham hi avijitām kṛṣṇām manyase dhṛtarāṣṭraja
yadā sabhāyām sarvasvam nyastavān pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ

31. How indeed, O son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, do you consider Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) to be unconquered, when the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira) had already staked all his possessions in the assembly?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

• अविजिताम् (avijitām) - unconquered, unwon

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider

• धृतराष्ट्रज (dhṛtarāṣṭraja) - O Duḥśāsana (or Duryodhana, but context implies Duḥśāsana's actions and speech) (O son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• यदा (yadā) - when, since (when, at which time, since)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the royal assembly/gaming hall (in the assembly, in the court)

• सर्वस्वम् (sarvasvam) - all his possessions and wealth (everything, all wealth/possessions)

• न्यस्तवान् (nyastavān) - has pledged or gambled away (has deposited, has staked, has placed)

• पाण्डवाग्रजः (pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

अविजिताम् (avijitām) - unconquered, unwon

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avijita

avijita - unconquered, unwon

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix a- (negation) + root ji (to conquer) + kta-pratyaya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jita)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• jita – conquered, won
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root ji (to conquer) + kta-pratyaya
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Kṛṣṇām.

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Kṛṣṇā, Draupadī, a dark-skinned woman

Feminine form of Kṛṣṇa

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of man

present indicative

From root man, 4th class, ātmanepada

Root: man (class 4)

धृतराष्ट्रज (dhṛtarāṣṭraja) - O Duḥśāsana (or Duryodhana, but context implies Duḥśāsana's actions and speech) (O son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭraja

dhṛtarāṣṭraja - born of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

From Dhṛtarāṣṭra + ja (born of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛtarāṣṭra+ja)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced
  suffix (masculine)
  nominal suffix from root jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

यदा (yadā) - when, since (when, at which time, since)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the royal assembly/gaming hall (in the assembly, in the court)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, court, council

सर्वस्वम् (sarvasvam) - all his possessions and wealth (everything, all wealth/possessions)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvasva

sarvasva - all wealth, everything, entire property

From sarva (all) + sva (one's own property)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+sva)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• sva – one's own, property, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'nyastavān'.

न्यस्तवान् (nyastavān) - has pledged or gambled away (has deposited, has staked, has placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyastavat

nyastavat - one who has deposited/staked

Past Active Participle

Formed from prefix ni + root as (to throw, to cast) + ktavatu pratyaya

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ.

पाण्डवाग्रजः (pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavāgraja

pāṇḍavāgraja - the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

From Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu) + agraja (elder born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+agraja)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu
  proper noun (masculine)
  patronymic from Pāṇḍu
• agraja – elder brother, first-born
  noun (masculine)
  from agra (front, first) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The subject of the clause.