महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-61, verse-31

कथं ह्यविजितां कृष्णां मन्यसे धृतराष्ट्रज ।
यदा सभायां सर्वस्वं न्यस्तवान्पाण्डवाग्रजः ॥३१॥

31. kathaṁ hyavijitāṁ kṛṣṇāṁ manyase dhṛtarāṣṭraja ,
yadā sabhāyāṁ sarvasvaṁ nyastavānpāṇḍavāgrajaḥ.

31. katham hi avijitām kṛṣṇām manyase dhṛtarāṣṭraja
yadā sabhāyām sarvasvam nyastavān pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ

31. How indeed, O son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, do you consider Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) to be unconquered, when the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira) had already staked all his possessions in the assembly?

31. הו בן דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁטְרַה, איך אתה סבור שקְרְשְׁנָה לא נכבשה, והרי בכור הפָּאנְדַוַה שם בהימור באולם את כל אשר לו?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

• अविजिताम् (avijitām) - unconquered, unwon

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider

• धृतराष्ट्रज (dhṛtarāṣṭraja) - O Duḥśāsana (or Duryodhana, but context implies Duḥśāsana's actions and speech) (O son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• यदा (yadā) - when, since (when, at which time, since)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the royal assembly/gaming hall (in the assembly, in the court)

• सर्वस्वम् (sarvasvam) - all his possessions and wealth (everything, all wealth/possessions)

• न्यस्तवान् (nyastavān) - has pledged or gambled away (has deposited, has staked, has placed)

• पाण्डवाग्रजः (pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

अविजिताम् (avijitām) - unconquered, unwon

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avijita

avijita - unconquered, unwon

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix a- (negation) + root ji (to conquer) + kta-pratyaya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jita)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• jita – conquered, won
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root ji (to conquer) + kta-pratyaya
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Kṛṣṇām.

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Kṛṣṇā, Draupadī, a dark-skinned woman

Feminine form of Kṛṣṇa

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of man

present indicative

From root man, 4th class, ātmanepada

Root: man (class 4)

धृतराष्ट्रज (dhṛtarāṣṭraja) - O Duḥśāsana (or Duryodhana, but context implies Duḥśāsana's actions and speech) (O son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭraja

dhṛtarāṣṭraja - born of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

From Dhṛtarāṣṭra + ja (born of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛtarāṣṭra+ja)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced
  suffix (masculine)
  nominal suffix from root jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

यदा (yadā) - when, since (when, at which time, since)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the royal assembly/gaming hall (in the assembly, in the court)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, court, council

सर्वस्वम् (sarvasvam) - all his possessions and wealth (everything, all wealth/possessions)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvasva

sarvasva - all wealth, everything, entire property

From sarva (all) + sva (one's own property)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+sva)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• sva – one's own, property, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'nyastavān'.

न्यस्तवान् (nyastavān) - has pledged or gambled away (has deposited, has staked, has placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyastavat

nyastavat - one who has deposited/staked

Past Active Participle

Formed from prefix ni + root as (to throw, to cast) + ktavatu pratyaya

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ.

पाण्डवाग्रजः (pāṇḍavāgrajaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavāgraja

pāṇḍavāgraja - the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

From Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu) + agraja (elder born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+agraja)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu
  proper noun (masculine)
  patronymic from Pāṇḍu
• agraja – elder brother, first-born
  noun (masculine)
  from agra (front, first) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The subject of the clause.

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