महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-62

जनमेजय उवाच ।
एवं बहुविधं धर्मं प्रतिबुद्धैर्निषेवितम् ।
न कुर्वन्ति कथं विप्रा अन्ये नानाव्रते स्थिताः ॥६२॥

62. janamejaya uvāca ,
evaṁ bahuvidhaṁ dharmaṁ pratibuddhairniṣevitam ,
na kurvanti kathaṁ viprā anye nānāvrate sthitāḥ.

62. janamejaya uvāca | evam bahuvidham dharmam pratibuddhaiḥ
niṣevitam | na kurvanti katham viprāḥ anye nānāvrate sthitāḥ

62. Janamejaya said: "How is it that other Brahmins, who are engaged in various vows, do not practice this manifold natural law (dharma) that is followed by the enlightened ones?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (a king, grandson of Arjuna))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - manifold (of many kinds, manifold, various)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, religion)

• प्रतिबुद्धैः (pratibuddhaiḥ) - by the enlightened ones (by the enlightened, by those who have awakened)

• निषेवितम् (niṣevitam) - followed (practiced, served, cultivated)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they practice (they do, they make, they perform)

• कथम् (katham) - how is it that, why (how, why, in what manner)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, sages, inspired ones)

• अन्ये (anye) - other (Brahmins) (others, other ones)

• नानाव्रते (nānāvrate) - in various vows (in various vows/observances)

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - engaged (situated, standing, engaged in)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (a king, grandson of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king of the Kuru dynasty, son of Parikshit)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the previously described dharma.

बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - manifold (of many kinds, manifold, various)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, variety
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā 'to place' with vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, religion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurvanti'.

प्रतिबुद्धैः (pratibuddhaiḥ) - by the enlightened ones (by the enlightened, by those who have awakened)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pratibuddha

pratibuddha - awakened, enlightened, known

Past Passive Participle

From prati- (prefix) + root budh (to know, awaken) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'niṣevitam'.

निषेवितम् (niṣevitam) - followed (practiced, served, cultivated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣevita

niṣevita - practiced, served, cultivated, enjoyed

Past Passive Participle

From ni- (prefix) + root sev (to serve, frequent) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'kurvanti'.

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they practice (they do, they make, they perform)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कथम् (katham) - how is it that, why (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, sages, inspired ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, inspired one, wise man

Note: Subject of 'kurvanti' along with 'anye'.

अन्ये (anye) - other (Brahmins) (others, other ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Qualifies 'viprāḥ'.

नानाव्रते (nānāvrate) - in various vows (in various vows/observances)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nānāvrata

nānāvrata - various vows or observances

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānā+vrata)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location/condition for the Brahmins.

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - engaged (situated, standing, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - situated, standing, abiding, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta (passive participle suffix)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'viprāḥ anye'.