महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-37

सनत्कुमारो भगवांस्ततः प्राधीतवान्नृप ।
सनत्कुमारादपि च वीरणो वै प्रजापतिः ।
कृतादौ कुरुशार्दूल धर्ममेतमधीतवान् ॥३७॥

37. sanatkumāro bhagavāṁstataḥ prādhītavānnṛpa ,
sanatkumārādapi ca vīraṇo vai prajāpatiḥ ,
kṛtādau kuruśārdūla dharmametamadhītavān.

37. sanatkumāraḥ bhagavān tataḥ
prādhītavān nṛpa sanatkumārāt api ca
vīraṇaḥ vai prajāpatiḥ kṛtādau
kuruśārdūla dharmam etam adhītavān

37. nṛpa kuruśārdūla bhagavān sanatkumāraḥ
tataḥ prādhītavān ca api
sanatkumārāt vai prajāpatiḥ vīraṇaḥ
kṛtādau etam dharmam adhītavān

37. O King, Lord Sanatkumāra then studied this natural law (dharma). And from Sanatkumāra, O tiger among Kurus, Prajāpati Vīraṇa indeed studied this very natural law (dharma) at the beginning of the Kṛta age.

Words meanings summery:

• सनत्कुमारः (sanatkumāraḥ) - The sage Sanatkumāra (Sanatkumāra)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - The Lord (Sanatkumāra) (Lord, blessed one, glorious one)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from him (Sanatkumāra) (thereafter, thence, from him)

• प्राधीतवान् (prādhītavān) - studied

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King (vocative address to the interlocutor) (king, ruler)

• सनत्कुमारात् (sanatkumārāt) - from Sanatkumāra

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वीरणः (vīraṇaḥ) - Prajāpati Vīraṇa (Vīraṇa (a proper name))

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

• प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (a title for a creator deity or sage) (Lord of creatures, creator, Prajāpati)

• कृतादौ (kṛtādau) - at the beginning of the Kṛta age (in the beginning of the Kṛta (age/yuga))

• कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among the Kurus (vocative address to the interlocutor) (O tiger among Kurus, O best of Kurus)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - this natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

• एतम् (etam) - this (referring to the natural law) (this, this one)

• अधीतवान् (adhītavān) - studied (studied, learned)

Words meanings and morphology

सनत्कुमारः (sanatkumāraḥ) - The sage Sanatkumāra (Sanatkumāra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanatkumāra

sanatkumāra - Sanatkumāra (name of one of the four Kumāras, mind-born sons of Brahmā)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - The Lord (Sanatkumāra) (Lord, blessed one, glorious one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - Lord, blessed, fortunate, divine, venerable

adjective formed from root bhaj- with -vat suffix

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Used here as a respectful epithet for Sanatkumāra.

ततः (tataḥ) - from him (Sanatkumāra) (thereafter, thence, from him)

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun tad

प्राधीतवान् (prādhītavān) - studied

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prādhī

prādhī - to study, to learn, to recite

Past Active Participle

from pra- + adhi- + i (to go, to study) + -tavat suffix

Prefixes: pra+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The participle functions as a finite verb.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King (vocative address to the interlocutor) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, male, person
  noun (masculine)
• pā – to protect, to guard
  root
  Root: pā (class 2)

सनत्कुमारात् (sanatkumārāt) - from Sanatkumāra

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sanatkumāra

sanatkumāra - Sanatkumāra (name of one of the four Kumāras, mind-born sons of Brahmā)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वीरणः (vīraṇaḥ) - Prajāpati Vīraṇa (Vīraṇa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīraṇa

vīraṇa - Vīraṇa (name of a Prajāpati or sage)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (a title for a creator deity or sage) (Lord of creatures, creator, Prajāpati)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, progenitor, a creator god

from prajā (offspring) + pati (lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prajā+pati)

• prajā – offspring, progeny, creatures
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

कृतादौ (kṛtādau) - at the beginning of the Kṛta age (in the beginning of the Kṛta (age/yuga))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛtādi

kṛtādi - beginning of the Kṛta age, beginning of the golden age

from kṛta (done, made, also name of the first yuga) + ādi (beginning)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+ādi)

• kṛta – done, made, performed; name of the first of the four yugas (the golden age)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ādi – beginning, commencement, first
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the Kṛta Yuga.

कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among the Kurus (vocative address to the interlocutor) (O tiger among Kurus, O best of Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kuruśārdūla

kuruśārdūla - tiger among the Kurus, best of the Kurus

from Kuru (name of an ancient king and his lineage) + śārdūla (tiger)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+śārdūla)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; an excellent one (when used as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - this natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature, social order

from root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एतम् (etam) - this (referring to the natural law) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Adjective pronoun modifying 'dharmam'.

अधीतवान् (adhītavān) - studied (studied, learned)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhī

adhī - to study, to learn, to read

Past Active Participle

from adhi- + i (to go, to study) + -tavat suffix

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The participle functions as a finite verb.