महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-29

उपदिश्य ततो धर्मं ब्रह्मणेऽमिततेजसे ।
तं कार्तयुगधर्माणं निराशीःकर्मसंज्ञितम् ।
जगाम तमसः पारं यत्राव्यक्तं व्यवस्थितम् ॥२९॥

29. upadiśya tato dharmaṁ brahmaṇe'mitatejase ,
taṁ kārtayugadharmāṇaṁ nirāśīḥkarmasaṁjñitam ,
jagāma tamasaḥ pāraṁ yatrāvyaktaṁ vyavasthitam.

29. upadiśya tataḥ dharmam brahmaṇe
amitatejase tam kārtayugadharmāṇam
nirāśīḥkarmasaṃjñitam jagāma tamasaḥ
pāram yatra avyaktam vyavasthitam

29. upadiśya tam dharmam brahmaṇe
amitatejase kārtayugadharmāṇam
nirāśīḥkarmasaṃjñitam tataḥ tamasaḥ pāram
jagāma yatra avyaktam vyavasthitam

29. After instructing Brahmā, who possesses immeasurable splendor, in that natural law (dharma) which embodies the principles of the Kṛta Yuga and is known as action performed without desire for results (karma), he then went beyond darkness (tamas) to where the unmanifest (avyaktam) is established.

Words meanings summery:

• उपदिश्य (upadiśya) - having instructed, having taught

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from there)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness)

• ब्रह्मणे (brahmaṇe) - to Brahmā (the creator deity) (to Brahmā, to the Brahman)

• अमिततेजसे (amitatejase) - to the one of immeasurable splendor, to the one of boundless energy

• तम् (tam) - that (dharma) (him, that)

• कार्तयुगधर्माणम् (kārtayugadharmāṇam) - which embodies the principles of the Kṛta Yuga (whose nature/law is of the Kṛta Yuga, characteristic of the Golden Age)

• निराशीःकर्मसंज्ञितम् (nirāśīḥkarmasaṁjñitam) - known as action performed without desire for results (karma) (known as action without desire for results, characterized by disinterested action)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went (went, reached)

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of darkness (tamas) (of darkness, of ignorance)

• पारम् (pāram) - the other side, beyond (the other shore, the furthest limit, beyond)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest (avyaktam) (the unmanifest, the unexpressed, primordial matter)

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - is established, resides (established, situated, residing)

Words meanings and morphology

उपदिश्य (upadiśya) - having instructed, having taught

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'diś' with prefix 'upa', forming an absolutive (gerund).

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness, religion

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Masculine form here, though dharma can also be neuter.

ब्रह्मणे (brahmaṇe) - to Brahmā (the creator deity) (to Brahmā, to the Brahman)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), sacred utterance, the Absolute (neuter)

From root bṛh (to grow, expand). Masculine form refers to Brahmā, the creator god. Neuter refers to the Absolute (brahman).

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the deity Brahmā.

अमिततेजसे (amitatejase) - to the one of immeasurable splendor, to the one of boundless energy

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of amitatejas

amitatejas - one of immeasurable splendor, boundless energy

Compound word: amita (immeasurable) + tejas (splendor, energy).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amita+tejas)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, boundless
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle of 'mā' (to measure) with negative prefix 'a-'.
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, power
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'tij' (to be sharp).
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with brahmaṇe.

तम् (tam) - that (dharma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `dharmam`.

कार्तयुगधर्माणम् (kārtayugadharmāṇam) - which embodies the principles of the Kṛta Yuga (whose nature/law is of the Kṛta Yuga, characteristic of the Golden Age)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kārtayugadharman

kārtayugadharman - having the nature/law of the Kṛta Yuga

Compound word: Kṛta Yuga (Kārtayuga) + dharma (nature/law), then -in suffix. Bahuvrihi compound describing a quality.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kārtayuga+dharma)

• kārtayuga – related to the Kṛta Yuga, the Golden Age
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from Kṛta Yuga.
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `tam dharmam`.

निराशीःकर्मसंज्ञितम् (nirāśīḥkarmasaṁjñitam) - known as action performed without desire for results (karma) (known as action without desire for results, characterized by disinterested action)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirāśīḥkarmasaṃjñita

nirāśīḥkarmasaṁjñita - known as action without desire for results

Compound: nirāśīs (without desires) + karma (action) + saṃjñita (named, known). A Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nirāśīs+karma+saṃjñita)

• nirāśīs – without hope, without desire
  adjective
  From 'nis' (without) + 'āśīs' (hope, desire).
  Prefix: nis
• karma – action, deed, work, ritual action
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṃjñita – named, designated, known as
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `tam dharmam`.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went (went, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

perfect tense

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is implicit (e.g., Prajāpati or the one instructing).

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of darkness (tamas) (of darkness, of ignorance)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia (one of the three guṇas)

पारम् (pāram) - the other side, beyond (the other shore, the furthest limit, beyond)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - the other side, opposite bank, end, limit

From root 'pṛ' (to cross).

Root: pṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `jagāma`, indicates direction/destination.

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb from relative pronoun 'yad'.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest (avyaktam) (the unmanifest, the unexpressed, primordial matter)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, invisible, indistinct, primordial matter

past passive participle

From root 'añj' (to anoint, reveal) with prefixes 'vi' and negative 'a-'. Past Passive Participle used as a noun.

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the ultimate unmanifest reality.

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - is established, resides (established, situated, residing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - established, situated, fixed, regulated

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `avyaktam`.