महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-51

एवमेष महान्धर्म आद्यो राजन्सनातनः ।
दुर्विज्ञेयो दुष्करश्च सात्वतैर्धार्यते सदा ॥५१॥

51. evameṣa mahāndharma ādyo rājansanātanaḥ ,
durvijñeyo duṣkaraśca sātvatairdhāryate sadā.

51. evam eṣa mahān dharmaḥ ādyaḥ rājan sanātanaḥ
durvijñeyaḥ duṣkaraḥ ca sātvataiḥ dhāryate sadā

51. rājan,
evam eṣa mahān ādyaḥ sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ durvijñeyaḥ ca duṣkaraḥ sadā sātvataiḥ dhāryate

51. O King, this great, primordial, and eternal natural law (dharma) is difficult to comprehend and challenging to practice, yet it is always upheld by the Sātvatas (devotees of Viṣṇu).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• एष (eṣa) - this

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, righteous conduct, duty

• आद्यः (ādyaḥ) - original, primordial, first

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

• दुर्विज्ञेयः (durvijñeyaḥ) - difficult to know, hard to understand

• दुष्करः (duṣkaraḥ) - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

• च (ca) - and

• सात्वतैः (sātvataiḥ) - by the Sātvatas, by the pure-hearted ones, by the devotees

• धार्यते (dhāryate) - is held, is maintained, is observed

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

एष (eṣa) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to 'dharmaḥ'.

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large, eminent

Note: Adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, righteous conduct, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteous conduct, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature

from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

आद्यः (ādyaḥ) - original, primordial, first

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādya

ādya - first, primeval, original, earliest

from ādi (beginning)

Note: Adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to the king.

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, everlasting, perpetual, ancient

Note: Adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.

दुर्विज्ञेयः (durvijñeyaḥ) - difficult to know, hard to understand

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durvijñeya

durvijñeya - difficult to know, hard to understand

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

from dur- (prefix for difficulty) + vi- (prefix) + jñeya (gerundive of √jñā)

Prefixes: dur+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Gerundive, qualifying 'dharmaḥ'.

दुष्करः (duṣkaraḥ) - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

from dur- (prefix for difficulty) + kara (doable, maker)

Prefix: dur

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Gerundive, qualifying 'dharmaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'durvijñeyaḥ' and 'duṣkaraḥ'.

सात्वतैः (sātvataiḥ) - by the Sātvatas, by the pure-hearted ones, by the devotees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sātvata

sātvata - a descendant of Satvat, a devotee of Viṣṇu, pure, virtuous

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'dhāryate'.

धार्यते (dhāryate) - is held, is maintained, is observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhāryate

Present Passive

present passive, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, of root dhṛ

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Its subject is 'dharmaḥ'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'dhāryate'.