महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-18

सुपर्णो नाम तमृषिः प्राप्तवान्पुरुषोत्तमात् ।
तपसा वै सुतप्तेन दमेन नियमेन च ॥१८॥

18. suparṇo nāma tamṛṣiḥ prāptavānpuruṣottamāt ,
tapasā vai sutaptena damena niyamena ca.

18. suparṇaḥ nāma tam ṛṣiḥ prāptavān puruṣa-uttamāt
tapasā vai su-taptena damena niyamena ca

18. vai suparṇaḥ nāma ṛṣiḥ tam puruṣa-uttamāt
su-taptena tapasā damena niyamena ca prāptavān

18. Indeed, the seer named Suparṇa obtained that (dharma) from Puruṣottama (the supreme cosmic person), through intensely practiced asceticism (tapas), self-restraint, and discipline.

Words meanings summery:

• सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - the sage named Suparṇa (Suparṇa (name of a sage, literally 'beautiful-winged'))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed, verily)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the dharma from the previous verse) (him, that)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the seer (seer, sage)

• प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - obtained (obtained, received, reached)

• पुरुष-उत्तमात् (puruṣa-uttamāt) - from Puruṣottama (the supreme cosmic person) (from the best of men, from the supreme person)

• तपसा (tapasā) - through asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual fervor)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

• सु-तप्तेन (su-taptena) - by intensely practiced (by well-practiced, by intensely performed)

• दमेन (damena) - through self-restraint (by self-restraint, by control)

• नियमेन (niyamena) - through discipline (by discipline, by rule, by regulation)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - the sage named Suparṇa (Suparṇa (name of a sage, literally 'beautiful-winged'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - Suparṇa (proper name, particularly a class of divine birds or Garuḍa), having beautiful wings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+parṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• parṇa – wing, feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Originally noun 'nāman', used adverbially

Note: Used to specify the name of the sage.

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the dharma from the previous verse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'prāptavān'.

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the seer (seer, sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - seer, sage, inspired poet

from root ṛṣ (to go, to move)

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - obtained (obtained, received, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāptavat

prāptavat - having obtained, having reached

past active participle

from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra and suffix -vat

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'suparṇaḥ'.

पुरुष-उत्तमात् (puruṣa-uttamāt) - from Puruṣottama (the supreme cosmic person) (from the best of men, from the supreme person)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of puruṣottama

puruṣottama - best of men, supreme person, an epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+uttama)

• puruṣa – man, person, cosmic person (puruṣa), soul
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, supreme
  adjective
  superlative of ud (up)

Note: Source from whom the dharma was obtained.

तपसा (tapasā) - through asceticism (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual fervor)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

from root tap (to heat, to perform austerities)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Means by which the dharma was obtained.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

an emphatic particle

सु-तप्तेन (su-taptena) - by intensely practiced (by well-practiced, by intensely performed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sutapta

sutapta - well-heated, intensely performed, severe (in asceticism)

past passive participle

from root tap (to heat, perform austerities) with prefix su

Compound type : praadi (su+tapta)

• su – good, well, excellent, intensely
  indeclinable
• tapta – heated, performed (austerities)
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from root tap (to heat, to perform austerities)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasā'.

दमेन (damena) - through self-restraint (by self-restraint, by control)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, control, taming

from root dam (to tame, to control)

Root: dam (class 4)

नियमेन (niyamena) - through discipline (by discipline, by rule, by regulation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - discipline, restraint, rule, regulation, moral observance

from root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'damena' and 'niyamena'.