महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-31

ततः प्रावर्तत तदा आदौ कृतयुगं शुभम् ।
ततो हि सात्वतो धर्मो व्याप्य लोकानवस्थितः ॥३१॥

31. tataḥ prāvartata tadā ādau kṛtayugaṁ śubham ,
tato hi sātvato dharmo vyāpya lokānavasthitaḥ.

31. tataḥ prāvartata tadā ādau kṛtayugam śubham
tataḥ hi sātvataḥ dharmaḥ vyāpya lokān avasthitaḥ

31. tataḥ tadā ādau śubham kṛtayugam prāvartata.
tataḥ hi sātvataḥ dharmaḥ lokān vyāpya avasthitaḥ

31. Then, the auspicious Kṛta Yuga began first at that time. Indeed, thereafter, the pure (sātvata) natural law (dharma) became established, having pervaded all the worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began (began, commenced, set in motion)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• आदौ (ādau) - first (in the beginning, at first)

• कृतयुगम् (kṛtayugam) - the Kṛta Yuga (Satya Yuga) (the Kṛta Yuga, the Golden Age)

• शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious (auspicious, good, beautiful, benevolent)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, thereafter, from there)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - the pure (sātvata) (relating to Sattva, pure, virtuous, relating to Vishnu)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness)

• व्याप्य (vyāpya) - having pervaded (having pervaded, having spread through)

• लोकान् (lokān) - all the worlds (worlds, realms, beings, people)

• अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - became established (established, situated, existed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began (began, commenced, set in motion)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

imperfect tense

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular middle, from root 'vṛt' (class 1) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The 'a' prefix (augment) combines with 'pra' to form 'prā'.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from 'tad' (that).

आदौ (ādau) - first (in the beginning, at first)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādis

ādis - beginning, commencement, first

Note: Used adverbially to mean "firstly" or "in the beginning".

कृतयुगम् (kṛtayugam) - the Kṛta Yuga (Satya Yuga) (the Kṛta Yuga, the Golden Age)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtayuga

kṛtayuga - Kṛta Yuga (the first and golden age), Satya Yuga

Compound: kṛta (done, perfect) + yuga (age, era).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+yuga)

• kṛta – done, made, perfect, good
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yuga – age, era, period
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of `prāvartata`.

शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious (auspicious, good, beautiful, benevolent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, shining, benevolent

Note: Agrees with `kṛtayugam`.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation.

सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - the pure (sātvata) (relating to Sattva, pure, virtuous, relating to Vishnu)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - pure, virtuous, relating to sattva, relating to Vishnu, of the Sātvata clan

Derived from 'sattva' (purity, goodness, one of the three guṇas).

Note: Agrees with `dharmaḥ`.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness, religion

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of `avasthitaḥ`.

व्याप्य (vyāpya) - having pervaded (having pervaded, having spread through)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

लोकान् (lokān) - all the worlds (worlds, realms, beings, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, beings

From root 'lok' (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of `vyāpya`.

अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - became established (established, situated, existed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - established, situated, fixed, existed

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied "was" or "became". Agrees with `dharmaḥ`.