महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-19

त्रिः परिक्रान्तवानेतत्सुपर्णो धर्ममुत्तमम् ।
यस्मात्तस्माद्व्रतं ह्येतत्त्रिसौपर्णमिहोच्यते ॥१९॥

19. triḥ parikrāntavānetatsuparṇo dharmamuttamam ,
yasmāttasmādvrataṁ hyetattrisauparṇamihocyate.

19. triḥ parikrāntavān etat suparṇaḥ dharmam uttamam
yasmāt tasmāt vratam hi etat tri-sauparṇam iha ucyate

19. suparṇaḥ etat uttamam dharmam triḥ parikrāntavān
yasmāt tasmāt hi etat vratam tri-sauparṇam iha ucyate

19. Suparṇa performed this excellent fundamental principle (dharma) three times. Therefore, because of that, this observance is indeed called the Tri-Sauparṇa here.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिः (triḥ) - three times

• परिक्रान्तवान् (parikrāntavān) - performed, completed (traversed, circumambulated, completed, performed)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to dharma) (this)

• सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Suparṇa

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - fundamental principle (dharma) (natural law, constitution, fundamental principle, righteousness, duty)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, supreme, highest)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of this (from which, because of which)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, because of that (therefore, from that)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - observance, ritual (vow, observance, ritual)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the vrata) (this)

• त्रि-सौपर्णम् (tri-sauparṇam) - the Tri-Sauparṇa (a specific Vedic observance) (Tri-Sauparṇa (named after Suparṇa, implying three-fold))

• इह (iha) - here, in this context (here, in this world, in this context)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिः (triḥ) - three times

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of tri (three)

Note: Indicates frequency of the action.

परिक्रान्तवान् (parikrāntavān) - performed, completed (traversed, circumambulated, completed, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parikrāntavat

parikrāntavat - having traversed, having circumambulated, having performed

past active participle

from root kram (to step, go) with prefix pari and suffix -vat

Prefix: pari

Root: kram (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to dharma) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Object of 'parikrāntavān', refers to 'dharma'.

सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Suparṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - Suparṇa (proper name), having beautiful wings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+parṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• parṇa – wing, feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - fundamental principle (dharma) (natural law, constitution, fundamental principle, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, fundamental principle, righteousness, duty, cosmic order

from root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'parikrāntavān'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

superlative of ud (up)

Note: Adjective for 'dharmam'.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of this (from which, because of which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, that, when

Note: Used correlatively with 'tasmāt'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, because of that (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used correlatively with 'yasmāt'.

व्रतम् (vratam) - observance, ritual (vow, observance, ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, ritual, sacred duty

from root vṛ (to choose, to cover)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

an emphatic or causal particle

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the vrata) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees with 'vratam'.

त्रि-सौपर्णम् (tri-sauparṇam) - the Tri-Sauparṇa (a specific Vedic observance) (Tri-Sauparṇa (named after Suparṇa, implying three-fold))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trisauparṇa

trisauparṇa - related to three Suparṇas, a specific Vedic hymn or ritual

Compound type : dvigu (tri+sauparṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• sauparṇa – relating to Suparṇa
  adjective
  from suparṇa (name)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'vratam'.

इह (iha) - here, in this context (here, in this world, in this context)

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)