महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-336, verse-56

अकर्ता चैव कर्ता च कार्यं कारणमेव च ।
यथेच्छति तथा राजन्क्रीडते पुरुषोऽव्ययः ॥५६॥

56. akartā caiva kartā ca kāryaṁ kāraṇameva ca ,
yathecchati tathā rājankrīḍate puruṣo'vyayaḥ.

56. akartā ca eva kartā ca kāryam kāraṇam eva ca
yathā icchati tathā rājan krīḍate puruṣaḥ avyayaḥ

56. puruṣaḥ avyayaḥ akartā ca eva kartā ca kāryam ca
eva kāraṇam ca rājan yathā icchati tathā krīḍate

56. He is both the non-doer and the doer, both the effect and the cause. O king, the imperishable cosmic person (puruṣa) plays as He wishes.

Words meanings summery:

• अकर्ता (akartā) - The cosmic person as transcendentally free from the act of doing. (non-doer, inactive)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• कर्ता (kartā) - The cosmic person as the ultimate agent of action. (doer, agent)

• च (ca) - and

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - The created world or outcome. (effect, work, what is to be done)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - The ultimate source or origin. (cause, reason)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• च (ca) - and

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• इच्छति (icchati) - What the cosmic person (puruṣa) desires. (desires, wishes)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to a king. (O king)

• क्रीडते (krīḍate) - The cosmic person's activity in creation is like a playful sport. (plays, sports)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - The supreme cosmic being, often identified with Brahman or Vishnu. (cosmic person, man, male)

• अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - Describes the eternal and unchanging nature of the cosmic person. (imperishable, immutable, inexhaustible)

Words meanings and morphology

अकर्ता (akartā) - The cosmic person as transcendentally free from the act of doing. (non-doer, inactive)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akartṛ

akartṛ - non-doer, inactive, not an agent

Agent noun (negative)

Compound of a- (not) and kartṛ (doer).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kartṛ)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• kartṛ – doer, agent, creator
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun.
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + tṛc suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'puruṣaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'non-doer' and 'doer'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes the duality.

कर्ता (kartā) - The cosmic person as the ultimate agent of action. (doer, agent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator

Agent noun.

From root kṛ (to do, make) + tṛc suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'puruṣaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kartā' and 'kāryam'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - The created world or outcome. (effect, work, what is to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, effect, work, duty

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root kṛ (to do, make) + ṇyat suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'puruṣaḥ'.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - The ultimate source or origin. (cause, reason)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root kṛ (to do, make) + lyuṭ suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'puruṣaḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes the duality.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'cause' to the previous ideas.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb from yad.

इच्छति (icchati) - What the cosmic person (puruṣa) desires. (desires, wishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Tense, Active Voice

Root iṣ (class 6).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'puruṣaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Corresponds with 'yathā'.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to a king. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Used as an address.

क्रीडते (krīḍate) - The cosmic person's activity in creation is like a playful sport. (plays, sports)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of krīḍ

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root krīḍ (class 1, ātmanepada).

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'puruṣaḥ'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - The supreme cosmic being, often identified with Brahman or Vishnu. (cosmic person, man, male)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being, cosmic person

From root pṛ (to fill) + uṣa suffix.

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - Describes the eternal and unchanging nature of the cosmic person. (imperishable, immutable, inexhaustible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, indestructible, indeclinable

Compound of a- (not) + vi- (apart) + √i (to go) + a suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• vyaya – spending, expense, destruction, decay
  noun (masculine)
  From vi- + √i (to go) + a suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)