योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-13, verse-16

आपदो या दुरुत्तारा याश्च तुच्छाः कुयोनयः ।
तास्ता मौर्ख्यात्प्रसूयन्ते खदिरादिव कण्टकाः ॥ १६ ॥

āpado yā duruttārā yāśca tucchāḥ kuyonayaḥ ,
tāstā maurkhyātprasūyante khadirādiva kaṇṭakāḥ 16

16. āpadaḥ yāḥ duruttārāḥ yāḥ ca tucchāḥ kuyonayaḥ
tāḥ tāḥ maurkṣyāt prasūyante khadirāt iva kaṇṭakāḥ

16. yāḥ duruttārāḥ āpadaḥ ca yāḥ tucchāḥ kuyonayaḥ
tāḥ tāḥ maurkṣyāt prasūyante khadirāt kaṇṭakāḥ iva

16. All those insurmountable calamities, and all those trivial, ignoble births (kuyonayaḥ), arise from foolishness (maurkya), just as thorns sprout from the Khadira tree.

Words meanings summery:

• आपदः (āpadaḥ) - calamities, misfortunes, dangers

• याः (yāḥ) - which, those which

• दुरुत्ताराः (duruttārāḥ) - difficult to overcome, insurmountable

• याः (yāḥ) - which, those which

• च (ca) - and, also

• तुच्छाः (tucchāḥ) - trivial, insignificant, worthless, base

• कुयोनयः (kuyonayaḥ) - low births, undesirable existences, bad origins

• ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the calamities and low births mentioned (those)

• ताः (tāḥ) - emphatic repetition, 'those very ones' (those)

• मौर्क्ष्यात् (maurkṣyāt) - from foolishness, due to ignorance

• प्रसूयन्ते (prasūyante) - are produced, arise, originate

• खदिरात् (khadirāt) - from a Khadira tree

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• कण्टकाः (kaṇṭakāḥ) - thorns, prickles

Words meanings and morphology

आपदः (āpadaḥ) - calamities, misfortunes, dangers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, danger

याः (yāḥ) - which, those which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

दुरुत्ताराः (duruttārāḥ) - difficult to overcome, insurmountable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of duruttāra

duruttāra - difficult to overcome, hard to cross

Compound adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+uttāra)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  prefix
• uttāra – crossing over, overcoming, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root tṛ with prefix ut.
  Prefix: ut
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'āpadaḥ'.

याः (yāḥ) - which, those which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तुच्छाः (tucchāḥ) - trivial, insignificant, worthless, base

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tuccha

tuccha - empty, void, insignificant, trivial, worthless

Note: Agrees with 'kuyonayaḥ'.

कुयोनयः (kuyonayaḥ) - low births, undesirable existences, bad origins

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kuyoni

kuyoni - low birth, ignoble origin, undesirable existence

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ku+yoni)

• ku – bad, evil, undesirable, inferior
  prefix
• yoni – womb, source, origin, birth, species
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yu (class 2)

ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the calamities and low births mentioned (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

ताः (tāḥ) - emphatic repetition, 'those very ones' (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, used for emphasis.

मौर्क्ष्यात् (maurkṣyāt) - from foolishness, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of maurkṣya

maurkṣya - foolishness, ignorance, stupidity

Derived from mūrkha (foolish) with suffix ṣya.

प्रसूयन्ते (prasūyante) - are produced, arise, originate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, Present Indicative (Laṭ) of pra-sū

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 4)

खदिरात् (khadirāt) - from a Khadira tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of khadira

khadira - Khadira tree (Acacia catechu)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

कण्टकाः (kaṇṭakāḥ) - thorns, prickles

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṇṭaka

kaṇṭaka - thorn, prickle, impediment, difficulty