महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-8

अथ संशप्तकाः पार्थमभ्यधावन्वधैषिणः ।
विजये कृतसंकल्पा मृत्युं कृत्वा निवर्तनम् ॥८॥

8. atha saṁśaptakāḥ pārthamabhyadhāvanvadhaiṣiṇaḥ ,
vijaye kṛtasaṁkalpā mṛtyuṁ kṛtvā nivartanam.

8. atha saṃśaptakāḥ pārtham abhyadhāvan vadheṣiṇaḥ
vijaye kṛtasaṅkalpāḥ mṛtyum kṛtvā nivartanam

8. atha vadheṣiṇaḥ vijaye kṛtasaṅkalpāḥ mṛtyum
nivartanam kṛtvā saṃśaptakāḥ pārtham abhyadhāvan

8. Then, the Saṃśaptakas, desiring to kill, rushed towards Pārtha (Arjuna). They had made a firm resolve for victory, considering death to be their only way back from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, therefore)

• संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - the specific warriors who vowed to kill Arjuna or die (the Saṃśaptakas (those who have taken a solemn oath))

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī) (to Pārtha, Arjuna)

• अभ्यधावन् (abhyadhāvan) - they rushed towards (Arjuna) (they rushed towards)

• वधेषिणः (vadheṣiṇaḥ) - desiring to kill (Pārtha/Arjuna) (desiring to kill, intending murder)

• विजये (vijaye) - for the purpose of victory (in victory, for victory)

• कृतसङ्कल्पाः (kṛtasaṅkalpāḥ) - having made a firm resolve (for victory) (having made a firm resolve, determined)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - considering (death) (having made, having done, considering)

• निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - their only way back from battle (i.e., death as the only 'return') (return, retreat, turning back)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, therefore)

(indeclinable)

संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - the specific warriors who vowed to kill Arjuna or die (the Saṃśaptakas (those who have taken a solemn oath))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - one who has taken a solemn oath, one who has sworn

Derived from saṃ + śap + kta (passive participle) + ka

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī) (to Pārtha, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (mother of Arjuna)

अभ्यधावन् (abhyadhāvan) - they rushed towards (Arjuna) (they rushed towards)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of dhā

Imperfect 3rd person plural of abhi-√dhā

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 1)

वधेषिणः (vadheṣiṇaḥ) - desiring to kill (Pārtha/Arjuna) (desiring to kill, intending murder)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadheṣin

vadheṣin - desiring murder, intent on killing

Compound of vadha (killing) + eṣin (desiring)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+eṣin)

• vadha – killing, slaughter, murder
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• eṣin – desiring, seeking, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root iṣ
  Derived from root iṣ with suffix -in
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with saṃśaptakāḥ

विजये (vijaye) - for the purpose of victory (in victory, for victory)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Derived from vi-√ji

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

कृतसङ्कल्पाः (kṛtasaṅkalpāḥ) - having made a firm resolve (for victory) (having made a firm resolve, determined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtasaṅkalpa

kṛtasaṅkalpa - one who has formed a resolution, determined, resolute

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṛta (made) + saṅkalpa (resolve)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+saṅkalpa)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṅkalpa – resolve, intention, determination, vow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sam-√kḷp
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saṃśaptakāḥ

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of kṛtvā

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - considering (death) (having made, having done, considering)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - their only way back from battle (i.e., death as the only 'return') (return, retreat, turning back)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nivartana

nivartana - returning, turning back, cessation, retreat

Derived from ni-√vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicative accusative agreeing with mṛtyum (or adverbial meaning 'as a return')