महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-53

हे सुषेण हतोऽसीति ब्रुवन्नादत्त सायकम् ।
तमस्य कर्णश्चिच्छेद त्रिभिश्चैनमताडयत् ॥५३॥

53. he suṣeṇa hato'sīti bruvannādatta sāyakam ,
tamasya karṇaściccheda tribhiścainamatāḍayat.

53. he suṣeṇa hataḥ asi iti bruvan ādatta sāyakam
tam asya karṇaḥ ciccheda tribhiḥ ca enam atāḍayat

53. (saḥ) "he suṣeṇa,
tvam hataḥ asi!" iti bruvan sāyakam ādatta.
karṇaḥ tu asya tam (sāyakam) ciccheda,
ca enam tribhiḥ (bāṇaiḥ) atāḍayat.

53. Saying, "O Suṣeṇa, you are slain!", (Bhīma) took an arrow. Karṇa, however, cut off that arrow of his and struck him (Bhīma) with three (arrows).

Words meanings summery:

• हे (he) - O! (O! (vocative particle))

• सुषेण (suṣeṇa) - Suṣeṇa (in vocative case, addressed by Bhīma) (Suṣeṇa)

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain (killed, slain, struck)

• असि (asi) - you are

• इति (iti) - thus, introducing a direct speech (thus, so saying)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

• आदत्त (ādatta) - he took (he took, he seized)

• सायकम् (sāyakam) - an arrow (arrow)

• तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (that, him)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of Bhīma) (his, of this)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa, the great warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī (Karṇa)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut off (he cut, he cut off)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (arrows) (by three, with three)

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him (Bhīma) (him, this one)

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

Words meanings and morphology

हे (he) - O! (O! (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

सुषेण (suṣeṇa) - Suṣeṇa (in vocative case, addressed by Bhīma) (Suṣeṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Suṣeṇa

Suṣeṇa - Suṣeṇa (a proper name)

हतः (hataḥ) - slain (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, ruined

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) with kta (past passive participle) suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with asi.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present tense

2nd person singular present active, from root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, introducing a direct speech (thus, so saying)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

present active participle

Nominative singular masculine form of the present active participle of root √brū (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The implied subject (Bhīma) is performing this action.

आदत्त (ādatta) - he took (he took, he seized)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (luṅ / laṅ) of dā

imperfect / aorist

3rd person singular imperfect ātmanepada, from root √dā (to give/take) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Contextually means 'took' an arrow.

सायकम् (sāyakam) - an arrow (arrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

From √si (to bind, cast) + ṇvula.

Root: si (class 4)

तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to sāyakam.

अस्य (asya) - his (of Bhīma) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the implied subject of bruvan and ādatta (Bhīma).

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa, the great warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Karṇa

Karṇa - Karṇa (a proper name, son of Sūrya)

Note: Subject of ciccheda and atāḍayat.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut off (he cut, he cut off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of chid

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active, from root √chid.

Root: chid (class 7)

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (arrows) (by three, with three)

(numeral adjective)

Note: The form tribhiḥ is used for all three genders in the instrumental plural. Refers to implied bāṇaiḥ (arrows).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the actions of cutting and striking.

एनम् (enam) - him (Bhīma) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - him, this one (an emphatic pronoun)

Note: Refers to the person speaking (Bhīma).

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tāḍ

imperfect tense

3rd person singular imperfect active, from root √tāḍ (a denominative root from taḍ).

Root: taḍ (class 10)