महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-38

पाञ्चालेषु च शूरेषु वध्यमानेषु सायकैः ।
हाहाकारो महानासीत्पाञ्चालानां महाहवे ॥३८॥

38. pāñcāleṣu ca śūreṣu vadhyamāneṣu sāyakaiḥ ,
hāhākāro mahānāsītpāñcālānāṁ mahāhave.

38. pāñcāleṣu ca śūreṣu vadhyamāneṣu sāyakaiḥ
hāhākāraḥ mahān āsīt pāñcālānām mahāhave

38. ca pāñcāleṣu śūreṣu sāyakaiḥ vadhyamāneṣu
mahāhave pāñcālānām mahān hāhākāraḥ āsīt

38. And as the brave Pāñcālas were being killed by arrows in the great battle, a loud cry of distress arose among the Pāñcālas.

Words meanings summery:

• पाञ्चालेषु (pāñcāleṣu) - among the Pāñcālas, concerning the Pāñcālas

• च (ca) - and

• शूरेषु (śūreṣu) - among the brave, among the heroes

• वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - while being killed, who are being slain

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - by arrows

• हाहाकारः (hāhākāraḥ) - a great cry of distress, lamentation

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, existed

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

Words meanings and morphology

पाञ्चालेषु (pāñcāleṣu) - among the Pāñcālas, concerning the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king or a people from the Pañcāla kingdom

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'śūreṣu' and 'vadhyamāneṣu'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शूरेषु (śūreṣu) - among the brave, among the heroes

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, hero, warrior

Note: Adjective for 'pāñcāleṣu'. Part of locative absolute.

वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - while being killed, who are being slain

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

present passive participle

Derived from root vadh (to kill) with the suffix -yamāna for passive present participle.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, missile, dart

Root: ṣi (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction (killed *by* arrows).

हाहाकारः (hāhākāraḥ) - a great cry of distress, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hāhākāra

hāhākāra - a cry of distress, lamentation, uproar

Compound of hāhā (exclamation of sorrow/distress) and kāra (making, sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hāhā+kāra)

• hāhā – exclamation of sorrow, distress, wonder
  indeclinable
• kāra – making, doing, sound, utterance
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Adjective to 'hāhākāraḥ'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect form of the root as.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The augment 'a' is prefixed for past tense.

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king or a people from the Pañcāla kingdom

Note: Denotes possession or origin of the cry.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound of mahā (great) and hava (battle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• hava – battle, war, call
  noun (masculine)
  From root hve (to call, challenge).
  Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Denotes the place of the action.