महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
तथा व्यूढेष्वनीकेषु संसक्तेषु च संजय ।
संशप्तकान्कथं पार्थो गतः कर्णश्च पाण्डवान् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
tathā vyūḍheṣvanīkeṣu saṁsakteṣu ca saṁjaya ,
saṁśaptakānkathaṁ pārtho gataḥ karṇaśca pāṇḍavān.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca tathā vyūḍheṣu anīkeṣu saṃsakteṣu ca
saṃjaya saṃśaptakān kathaṃ pārthaḥ gataḥ karṇaḥ ca pāṇḍavān

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca saṃjaya,
tathā vyūḍheṣu saṃsakteṣu ca anīkeṣu,
pārthaḥ kathaṃ saṃśaptakān gataḥ (abhūt)? karṇaḥ ca pāṇḍavān (gataḥ kathaṃ abhūt)?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O Saṃjaya, when the armies were thus arrayed and engaged, how did Pārtha (Arjuna) go to the Saṃśaptakas, and Karṇa to the Pāṇḍavas?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, accordingly

• व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - The armies were already positioned for battle. (arrayed, arranged in battle formation)

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - Referring to the assembled forces. (in the armies, among the armies)

• संसक्तेषु (saṁsakteṣu) - The armies were not just arrayed, but actively engaged in fighting or poised for immediate combat. (joined, engaged, attached, involved)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O Saṃjaya)

• संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - A specific division of the Kaurava army, led by Suśarman, who swore an oath to conquer Arjuna or die trying. (to the Saṃśaptakas (those who have sworn a solemn oath))

• कथं (kathaṁ) - Expressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra's bewilderment or demand for explanation. (how, in what manner)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - One of the chief Pāṇḍava warriors. (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The great warrior and ally of Duryodhana, rival of Arjuna. (Karṇa)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The sons of Pāṇḍu, the opposite side of the Kauravas. (to the Pāṇḍavas)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name), 'he who holds the kingdom'

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, accordingly

(indeclinable)

व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - The armies were already positioned for battle. (arrayed, arranged in battle formation)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, arranged, drawn up (in battle order)

Past Passive Participle

From √ūh (to push, to move, to arrange) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with 'anīkeṣu'.

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - Referring to the assembled forces. (in the armies, among the armies)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, troop, array

संसक्तेषु (saṁsakteṣu) - The armies were not just arrayed, but actively engaged in fighting or poised for immediate combat. (joined, engaged, attached, involved)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of saṃsakta

saṁsakta - joined, attached, engaged, connected

Past Passive Participle

From √sañj (to cling, to adhere) with prefix saṃ-.

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with 'anīkeṣu'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), 'victory'

संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - A specific division of the Kaurava army, led by Suśarman, who swore an oath to conquer Arjuna or die trying. (to the Saṃśaptakas (those who have sworn a solemn oath))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - one who has sworn a solemn oath, an oath-bound warrior (Saṃśaptakas - a specific group in the Mahābhārata war)

From saṃ- (together, completely) and √śap (to swear, to curse).

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

कथं (kathaṁ) - Expressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra's bewilderment or demand for explanation. (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - One of the chief Pāṇḍava warriors. (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna (proper name)

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī).

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, proceeded, attained

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here actively, equivalent to a past tense verb.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The great warrior and ally of Duryodhana, rival of Arjuna. (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name), ear

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The sons of Pāṇḍu, the opposite side of the Kauravas. (to the Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu.