महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-73

तान्सूतपुत्रो विशिखैर्दशभिर्दशभिः शितैः ।
रथे चारु चरन्वीरः प्रत्यविध्यदरिंदमः ॥७३॥

73. tānsūtaputro viśikhairdaśabhirdaśabhiḥ śitaiḥ ,
rathe cāru caranvīraḥ pratyavidhyadariṁdamaḥ.

73. tān sūtaputraḥ viśikhaiḥ daśabhiḥ daśabhiḥ śitaiḥ
rathe cāru caran vīraḥ pratyavidhyat arindamaḥ

73. Saḥ arindamaḥ vīraḥ sūtaputraḥ rathe cāru caran,
tān daśabhiḥ daśabhiḥ śitaiḥ viśikhaiḥ pratyavidhyat.

73. The heroic Karna (sūtaputra), the subduer of enemies (arindama), skillfully moving on his chariot, struck them back with ten sharp arrows each.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the attacking heroes from the previous verse. (them, those)

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Refers to Karna. (the son of Suta, Karna)

• विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - Implies 'ten each'. (with ten)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharpened, keen

• रथे (rathe) - on the chariot

• चारु (cāru) - beautifully, gracefully, skillfully

• चरन् (caran) - moving, going

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - he pierced back, struck back, counter-attacked

• अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - Refers to the attacking heroes from the previous verse. (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Masculine accusative plural form of 'tad'.

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Refers to Karna. (the son of Suta, Karna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (sūta), Karna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Masculine nominative singular form.

विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow (headless arrow or an arrow with a peculiar head)

Prefix: vi

Root: śikh

Note: Masculine instrumental plural form.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural form.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - Implies 'ten each'. (with ten)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural form. Repetition emphasizes quantity per target.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharpened, keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharpened, keen, whetted

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen).

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Masculine instrumental plural form, agreeing with 'viśikhaiḥ'.

रथे (rathe) - on the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Masculine locative singular form.

चारु (cāru) - beautifully, gracefully, skillfully

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

चरन् (caran) - moving, going

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, going, performing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root car (to move, go).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular form, agreeing with 'sūtaputraḥ'.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave

Note: Masculine nominative singular form, describing Karna.

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - he pierced back, struck back, counter-attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyavidh

Imperfect active third person singular

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Imperfect 3rd person singular active.

अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming, self-control
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Masculine nominative singular form, describing Karna.