महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-58

तं सुषेणो महाराज विद्ध्वा दशभिराशुगैः ।
चिच्छेद च धनुः शीघ्रं क्षुरप्रेण महारथः ॥५८॥

58. taṁ suṣeṇo mahārāja viddhvā daśabhirāśugaiḥ ,
ciccheda ca dhanuḥ śīghraṁ kṣurapreṇa mahārathaḥ.

58. तम् सुषेणः महाराज विद्ध्वा दशभिः आशुगैः
चिच्छेद च धनुः शीघ्रम् क्षुरप्रेण महारथः

58. महाराज तम् सुषेणः महारथः दशभिः आशुगैः
विद्ध्वा च शीघ्रम् क्षुरप्रेण धनुः चिच्छेद

58. O great king, Suṣeṇa, that great warrior (mahāratha), having struck him (Nakula) with ten swift arrows, swiftly cut off his (Nakula's) bow with a razor-sharp arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (तम्) - Nakula (him)

• सुषेणः (सुषेणः) - Suṣeṇa

• महाराज (महाराज) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• विद्ध्वा (विद्ध्वा) - having pierced, having struck

• दशभिः (दशभिः) - with ten

• आशुगैः (आशुगैः) - with swift-moving (arrows)

• चिच्छेद (चिच्छेद) - cut off, split

• च (च) - and

• धनुः (धनुः) - bow

• शीघ्रम् (शीघ्रम्) - quickly, swiftly

• क्षुरप्रेण (क्षुरप्रेण) - with a razor-sharp arrow/weapon

• महारथः (महारथः) - Suṣeṇa, the great warrior (the great warrior, one with a great chariot)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (तम्) - Nakula (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of तद्

तद् - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nakula.

सुषेणः (सुषेणः) - Suṣeṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of सुषेण

सुषेण - Name of a warrior

Note: Subject of the verb `ciccheda`.

महाराज (महाराज) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of महाराज

महाराज - great king, emperor

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (महत्+राजन्)

• महत् – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• राजन् – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the listener/narratee.

विद्ध्वा (विद्ध्वा) - having pierced, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root व्यध् (vyadh) with suffix -tvā. The `vy` changes to `v`. (व्यध् → विद् + ध्वा → विद्ध्वा)

Root: व्यध् (class 4)

Note: Absolutive.

दशभिः (दशभिः) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with `āśugaiḥ`.

आशुगैः (आशुगैः) - with swift-moving (arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of आशुग

आशुग - swift-moving, fast-going; an arrow

Compound: आशु (āśu) 'swift' + ग (ga) 'going' (from root गम् (gam) 'to go').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (आशु+ग)

• आशु – swift, quick, quickly
  adjective
• ग – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from verbal root
  From root गम् (gam) 'to go' with suffix -a.
  Root: गम् (class 1)

Note: Instrument of piercing.

चिच्छेद (चिच्छेद) - cut off, split

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of छिद्

Perfect 3rd person singular active (liṭ). Reduplicated form.

Root: छिद् (class 7)

Note: Subject is `Suṣeṇaḥ`.

च (च) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions (piercing and cutting).

धनुः (धनुः) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of धनुस्

धनुस् - bow, arc

Note: Object of `ciccheda`.

शीघ्रम् (शीघ्रम्) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `ciccheda`.

क्षुरप्रेण (क्षुरप्रेण) - with a razor-sharp arrow/weapon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of क्षुरप्र

क्षुरप्र - a razor-edged arrow or weapon, a dart

Compound: क्षुर (kṣura) 'razor' + प्र (pra) (often associated with sharpness/projection).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (क्षुर+प्र)

• क्षुर – razor, knife
  noun (masculine)
• प्र – forth, forward; excellent, sharp
  indeclinable
  Often a prefix, but here possibly implying 'sharpness' or 'projectile'.

Note: Instrument of action.

महारथः (महारथः) - Suṣeṇa, the great warrior (the great warrior, one with a great chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of महारथ

महारथ - great warrior, one fighting from a great chariot

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (महत्+रथ)

• महत् – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• रथ – chariot, car; warrior (by extension)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive for `Suṣeṇaḥ`.