महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-32, verse-66

दुःशासनस्तु तं दृष्ट्वा विरथं व्यायुधं कृतम् ।
आरोप्य स्वरथे तूर्णमपोवाह रथान्तरम् ॥६६॥

66. duḥśāsanastu taṁ dṛṣṭvā virathaṁ vyāyudhaṁ kṛtam ,
āropya svarathe tūrṇamapovāha rathāntaram.

66. duḥśāsanaḥ tu tam dṛṣṭvā viratham vyāyudham
kṛtam āropya svarathe tūrṇam apovāha rathāntaram

66. duḥśāsanaḥ tu tam viratham vyāyudham kṛtam dṛṣṭvā
tūrṇam svarathe āropya rathāntaram apovāha

66. But Duśśāsana, seeing him (Vṛṣasena) rendered charioless and weaponless, quickly took him up into his own chariot and carried him away to a different position.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duśśāsana (Duśśāsana (proper name))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• तम् (tam) - him (Vṛṣasena) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• विरथम् (viratham) - charioless (charioless, deprived of chariot)

• व्यायुधम् (vyāyudham) - weaponless (weaponless, disarmed)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - rendered (done, made, rendered)

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having taken him up (having placed, having made to ascend)

• स्वरथे (svarathe) - in his own chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - he carried him away (he carried away, he led away)

• रथान्तरम् (rathāntaram) - to a different position (another chariot, a different place (in a chariot))

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duśśāsana (Duśśāsana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duśśāsana (one of the Kaurava princes, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with the preceding event.

तम् (tam) - him (Vṛṣasena) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā and kṛtam.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects to apovāha.

विरथम् (viratham) - charioless (charioless, deprived of chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariotless, deprived of a chariot

Compound with prefix vi- (without).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, devoid of
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

व्यायुधम् (vyāyudham) - weaponless (weaponless, disarmed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāyudha

vyāyudha - weaponless, deprived of weapons

Compound with prefix vi- (without).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+āyudha)

• vi – without, devoid of
  indeclinable
• āyudha – weapon, implement of war
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - rendered (done, made, rendered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes the state of 'tam'.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having taken him up (having placed, having made to ascend)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root ruh (to ascend) with prefix ā- and suffix -ya (after prefix). Causal meaning implied.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Connects to apovāha.

स्वरथे (svarathe) - in his own chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - one's own chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+ratha)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of place where Vṛṣasena was placed.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying āropya and apovāha.

अपोवाह (apovāha) - he carried him away (he carried away, he led away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of apa-vah

Perfect (Periphrastic Aorist form used as Imperfect)

From root vah (to carry) with prefix apa-. L-iṭ, 3rd person singular, active voice. Here often used with meaning of L-aṅ.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रथान्तरम् (rathāntaram) - to a different position (another chariot, a different place (in a chariot))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathāntara

rathāntara - another chariot, a different place (on a chariot or battleground)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+antara)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• antara – other, different, interval, interior, space between
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Object of motion for apovāha.