महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-57, verse-8

शोचन्नन्दयते शत्रून्कर्शयत्यपि बान्धवान् ।
क्षीयते च नरस्तस्मान्न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि ॥८॥

8. śocannandayate śatrūnkarśayatyapi bāndhavān ,
kṣīyate ca narastasmānna tvaṁ śocitumarhasi.

8. śocan nandayate śatrūn karśayati api bāndhavān
kṣīyate ca naraḥ tasmāt na tvam śocitum arhasi

8. śocan śatrūn nandayate api bāndhavān karśayati
ca naraḥ kṣīyate tasmāt tvam śocitum na arhasi

8. A grieving person pleases their enemies and debilitates their kinsmen; such a person also wastes away. Therefore, you should not grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• शोचन् (śocan) - a grieving person (grieving, lamenting)

• नन्दयते (nandayate) - pleases (pleases, makes happy)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

• कर्शयति (karśayati) - debilitates, distresses (debilitates, emaciates, distresses)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even)

• बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - kinsmen (kinsmen, relatives)

• क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - wastes away, diminishes (wastes away, diminishes, is destroyed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• न (na) - not

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Arjuna) (you)

• शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve (to grieve, to lament)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to grieve) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

शोचन् (śocan) - a grieving person (grieving, lamenting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śocat

śocat - grieving, lamenting

Present Active Participle

Derived from √śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

नन्दयते (nandayate) - pleases (pleases, makes happy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nand

Causative verb

Derived from √nand (to rejoice) with -aya suffix

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Causative of √nand, hence 'makes rejoice', i.e., 'pleases'.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, adversary

Root: śat

Note: Object of nandayate.

कर्शयति (karśayati) - debilitates, distresses (debilitates, emaciates, distresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛś

Causative verb

Derived from √kṛś (to be thin) with -aya suffix

Root: kṛś (class 1)

अपि (api) - also (also, even)

(indeclinable)

बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - kinsmen (kinsmen, relatives)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - kinsman, relative, friend

Root: bandh (class 1)

Note: Object of karśayati.

क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - wastes away, diminishes (wastes away, diminishes, is destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kṣi

Root in passive form or middle voice. The root is primarily 9th class in active.

Root: kṣi (class 9)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of kṣīyate.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Arjuna) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of arhasi.

शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve (to grieve, to lament)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from √śuc (to grieve) with -tum suffix

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Governed by arhasi.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to grieve) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)