महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-57, verse-39

वासुदेवस्तु तं दृष्ट्वा जगाम शिरसा क्षितिम् ।
पार्थेन सह धर्मात्मा गृणन्ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥३९॥

39. vāsudevastu taṁ dṛṣṭvā jagāma śirasā kṣitim ,
pārthena saha dharmātmā gṛṇanbrahma sanātanam.

39. vāsudevaḥ tu tam dṛṣṭvā jagāma śirasā kṣitim
pārthena saha dharmātmā gṛṇan brahma sanātanam

39. dharmātmā vāsudevaḥ tu tam dṛṣṭvā pārthena saha
sanātanam brahma gṛṇan śirasā kṣitim jagāma

39. But the righteous-souled Vasudeva, having seen him, bowed his head to the ground along with Partha (Arjuna), praising the eternal Brahman.

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Krishna, son of Vasudeva. (Vasudeva; Krishna)

• तु (tu) - but; indeed; moreover

• तम् (tam) - Referring to the `acyuta` (Vishnu) mentioned in the previous verse. (him; that (masculine))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; after seeing

• जगाम (jagāma) - went; proceeded

• शिरसा (śirasā) - Indicating bowing or touching the ground with the head as a gesture of reverence. (with the head; by the head)

• क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - to the earth; ground

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - Referring to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kunti). (by Partha; with Partha; Arjuna)

• सह (saha) - with; along with

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous-souled one; one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

• गृणन् (gṛṇan) - praising; singing

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality or divine principle being praised. (Brahman; the Absolute)

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal; ancient; everlasting

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Krishna, son of Vasudeva. (Vasudeva; Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Krishna (vāsudeva); son of Vasudeva; a name of Vishnu

"Son of Vasudeva".

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but; indeed; moreover

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Referring to the `acyuta` (Vishnu) mentioned in the previous verse. (him; that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he; she; it

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `dṛś` (to see) with the suffix `ktvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

जगाम (jagāma) - went; proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Tense

Root `gam` (to go), perfect third person singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शिरसा (śirasā) - Indicating bowing or touching the ground with the head as a gesture of reverence. (with the head; by the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head; top

Note: Instrument of action for `jagāma kṣitim`.

क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - to the earth; ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth; ground; dwelling; abode

From root `kṣi` (to dwell).

Root: kṣi (class 2)

Note: Object of `jagāma`.

पार्थेन (pārthena) - Referring to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kunti). (by Partha; with Partha; Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Partha; son of Pṛthā (Kunti), an epithet for Arjuna

Derived from `pṛthā` (Kunti) with the `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Indicates association with `saha`.

सह (saha) - with; along with

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing the instrumental case.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous-souled one; one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose soul/nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma); righteous-souled

Bahuvrīhi compound of `dharma` and `ātman`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness; duty; law; natural law; constitution; intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self; soul; spirit; essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `vāsudevaḥ`.

गृणन् (gṛṇan) - praising; singing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛṇat

gṛṇat - praising; singing; proclaiming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `gṛ` (to sing, praise) with the present participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Refers to `vāsudevaḥ`.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality or divine principle being praised. (Brahman; the Absolute)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman; the Absolute; the ultimate reality; sacred knowledge (brahman)

Nouns ending in `an` in neuter.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal; ancient; everlasting

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal; everlasting; ancient; perpetual

From `sanā` (always) + `tana` (suffix indicating 'belonging to').

Note: Qualifies `brahma`.