महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-57, verse-44

यं प्रपश्यन्ति विद्वांसः सूक्ष्माध्यात्मपदैषिणः ।
तमजं कारणात्मानं जग्मतुः शरणं भवम् ॥४४॥

44. yaṁ prapaśyanti vidvāṁsaḥ sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣiṇaḥ ,
tamajaṁ kāraṇātmānaṁ jagmatuḥ śaraṇaṁ bhavam.

44. yam prapaśyanti vidvāṃsaḥ sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣiṇaḥ
tam ajam kāraṇātmānam jagmatuḥ śaraṇam bhavam

44. vidvāṃsaḥ sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣiṇaḥ yam prapaśyanti,
tam ajam kāraṇātmānam bhavam (tau) śaraṇam jagmatuḥ

44. Him whom the wise, those who seek the subtle state of the supreme self (ātman), perceive—to that unborn one, the self (ātman) who is the ultimate cause, they both went for refuge (śaraṇa), to Bhava (Śiva).

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom (masculine singular accusative)

• प्रपश्यन्ति (prapaśyanti) - they see clearly, they perceive, they behold

• विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - the wise ones, the learned, the knowers

• सूक्ष्माध्यात्मपदैषिणः (sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣiṇaḥ) - those who seek the subtle state/path of the self (ātman), seekers of subtle spiritual knowledge

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular accusative)

• अजम् (ajam) - the unborn one (referring to the deity) (unborn, eternal, a goat)

• कारणात्मानम् (kāraṇātmānam) - the self (ātman) who is the cause, the causal self

• जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - they both took refuge (they both went, they both approached, they both sought)

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

• भवम् (bhavam) - Lord Bhava (Śiva) (Bhava (a name of Shiva), existence, being, origin)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Object of prapaśyanti.

प्रपश्यन्ति (prapaśyanti) - they see clearly, they perceive, they behold

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of paś

Present tense, Active voice, 3rd person plural

From pra-dṛś (passive root dṛśya, but paśya is standard present stem of dṛś)

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - the wise ones, the learned, the knowers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidvas

vidvas - wise, learned, knowing, knowing person

Perfect Active Participle

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of prapaśyanti.

सूक्ष्माध्यात्मपदैषिणः (sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣiṇaḥ) - those who seek the subtle state/path of the self (ātman), seekers of subtle spiritual knowledge

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣin

sūkṣmādhyātmapadaiṣin - seeker of the subtle spiritual path/state

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūkṣma+adhyātma+pada+eṣin)

• sūkṣma – subtle, minute, fine, profound
  adjective
• adhyātma – pertaining to the supreme self (ātman), spiritual
  noun (neuter)
  From adhi + ātman
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: an (class 2)
• pada – state, position, path, word
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• eṣin – seeker, desirous of, going towards
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root iṣ (to seek, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies vidvāṃsaḥ.

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Object of jagmatuḥ.

अजम् (ajam) - the unborn one (referring to the deity) (unborn, eternal, a goat)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - unborn, not born, eternal, a goat

From a (negation) + ja (born)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ja)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies tam and bhavam.

कारणात्मानम् (kāraṇātmānam) - the self (ātman) who is the cause, the causal self

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāraṇātman

kāraṇātman - the causal self (ātman), the self (ātman) that is the cause

Compound of kāraṇa and ātman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāraṇa+ātman)

• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + ana suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, ultimate reality, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies tam and bhavam.

जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - they both took refuge (they both went, they both approached, they both sought)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect tense, Active voice, 3rd person dual

Reduplicated root jag-gam-tuḥ

Root: gam (class 1)

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, protection, shelter, asylum

From root śṛ (to crush, injure, destroy - in the sense of protection from harm)

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Functions as an object or adverbial accusative.

भवम् (bhavam) - Lord Bhava (Śiva) (Bhava (a name of Shiva), existence, being, origin)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - existence, being, origin, a name of Shiva

From root bhū (to be, exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of jagmatuḥ śaraṇam.